Footnotes

Chapter 1 - Introduction and overview

[1]        Transport and Infrastructure Council, About the Council, www.transportinfrastructurecouncil.gov.au/about/ (accessed 9 June 2015).

[2]        Transport and Infrastructure Council, Communique, 6 November 2015, pp 2–3, www.transportinfrastructurecouncil.gov.au/communique/files/Council_4th_Communique_6_November_2015.pdf (accessed 18 April 2016).

[3]        The Rules include speed limits, traffic lights, traffic signs and road markings and level crossings, with separate rules for pedestrians and cyclists.

[4]        Austroads, Australian driver licensing, www.austroads.com.au/drivers-vehicles/ registration-licensing-program/australian-driver-licensing#Section2 (accessed 23 June 2015).

[5]        NTC Australia, Australian Vehicle Standards Rules, www.ntc.gov.au/roads/rules-compliance/australian-vehicle-standards-rules/ (accessed 9 June 2015).

[6]        Safe System is drawn the Office for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) report Towards Zero: Ambitious road safety targets and the Safe System approach which assists countries in developing road safety initiatives.

[7]        Transport and Infrastructure Council, National Road Safety Action Plan 2015–2017, November 2014, p. 3.

[8]        Mr Tony Arnold, Executive Officer, Australian Bicycle Council, Committee Hansard, 2 July 2015, p. 77.

[9]        Mr Bernard Carlon, Acting General Manager, Transport for New South Wales, Centre for Road Safety, Committee Hansard, 2 July 2015, p. 15; Ms Samantha Cockfield, Senior Manager, Road Saety, Transport Accident Commission of Victoria, Committee Hansard, 14 August 2015, p. 49; Mr Robert McDonald, Senior Manager, Research Centre, Insurance Group Australia, Committee Hansard, 2 July 2015, p. 1.

[10]      Mr Brian Wood, Secretary, Motorcycle Council of New South Wales, Committee Hansard, 2 July 2015, p. 21.

[11]      Ms Bronwyn Killmier, Assistant Commissioner, State Operations Service, South Australia Police, Committee Hansard, 26 October 2015, p. 40.

[12]      Austroads, Austroads road safety program, www.austroads.com.au/road-operations/road-safety/safety-program (accessed 21 April 2016).

[13]      Bureau of Infrastructure, Transport and Regional Economics, Road deaths Australia: December 2015, p. 1, http://bitre.gov.au/publications/ongoing/rda/files/RDA_Dec_2015.pdf  (accessed 21 April 2016).

[14]      Bureau of Infrastructure, Transport and Regional Economics, Road deaths Australia; January 2016, p. 1; Bureau of Infrastructure, Transport and Regional Economics, Road deaths Australia; February 2016, p. 1; Bureau of Infrastructure, Transport and Regional Economics, Road deaths Australia; March 2016, p. 1.

[15]      Bureau of Infrastructure, Transport and Regional Economics, Road Trauma Australia: 2009 Statistical Summary, p. vi, https://bitre.gov.au/publications/ongoing/files/RDA_Summary
_2009.pdf (accessed 21 April 2016).

[16]      Bureau of Infrastructure, Transport and Regional Economics, Road Trauma Australia: 2014 Statistical Summary, p. iii, https://bitre.gov.au/publications/ongoing/files/RDA_Summary_
2014.pdf (accessed 21 April 2016).

[17]      Bureau of Infrastructure, Transport and Regional Economics, Road deaths Australia; December 2015, p. 1, http://bitre.gov.au/publications/ongoing/rda/files/RDA_Dec_2015.pdf (accessed 21 April 2016).

[18]      Bureau of Infrastructure, Transport and Regional Economics, Road deaths Australia; March 2016, p. 1, http://bitre.gov.au/publications/ongoing/rda/files/RDA_Mar_2016.pdf (accessed 21 April 2016).

[19]      Mr Mark Jackman, Regional President, Chassis Systems Control, Robert Bosch Australia, Committee Hansard, 3 July 2015, p. 1.

[20]      In reaching the figure of $27 billion, the department uses a willingness to pay approach (see para 1.29). Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Submission 51, p. 4.

[21]      Robert Bosch Australia, Submission  44, p. 1.

[22]      RAC, Submission 59, p. 2.

[23]      See, for example, Motor Accident Commission of South Australia, Submission 37, p. 2.

[24]      Toll Group, Submission 33, p. 5.

[25]      Amy Gillett Foundation, Submission  35, p. 3.

[26]      University of New South Wales, Transport and Road Safety (TARS) Research, Submission 50, p. 2.

[27]      Ms Fiona Brooke, Policy Adviser, National Rural Health Alliance, Committee Hansard, 14 August 2015, p. 28.

[28]      Centre for Automotive Safety Research, University of Adelaide, Submission 40, p. 1.

[29]      Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Submission 51, p. 5.

[30]      Australian Transport Council, National Road Safety Strategy 2011–2020, p. 49.

[31]      Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Submission 51, p. 5.

[32]      Ulysses Club, Submission 36, p. 3.

[33]      Austroads, Submission 69, p. 1; Insurance Australia Group, Submission 42, p. 2; ANCAP Australasia, Submission 31, p. 5; Australian Automobile Association, Submission 54, p. 4.

[34]      Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Submission 51, p. 4.

[35]      ANCAP Australasia, Submission 31, p. 5.

[36]      Australian Automobile Association, Submission 54, p. 4.

[37]      Austroads, Submission 69, p. 4.

[38]      Mr Michael Bradley, Chief Executive Officer, Australian Automobile Association, Committee Hansard, 25 February 2016, p. 10.

[39]      ANCAP Australasia, Submission 31, p. 5

[40]      ANCAP Australasia, Submission 31, p. 5.

[41]      Mr Michael Bradley, Chief Executive Officer, Australian Automobile Association, Committee Hansard, 25 February 2016, p. 10.

[42]      Mr Michael Bradley, Chief Executive Officer, Australian Automobile Association, Committee Hansard, 25 February 2016, p. 10.

[43]      Dr Ailene Fitzgerald, ACT Chair, Trauma Committee, Royal Australasian College of Surgeons, Committee Hansard, 25 February 2016, p. 9.

[44]      Mr Michael Bradley, Chief Executive Officer, Australian Automobile Association, Committee Hansard, 25 February 2016, p. 10.

[45]      Dr Ailene Fitzgerald, ACT Chair, Trauma Committee, Royal Australasian College of Surgeons, Committee Hansard, 25 February 2016, p. 9.

[46]      In 2011, the National Critical Care & Trauma Response Centre in Darwin (Commonwealth funded) provided the majority of $1 251 020 in seed funding, with assistance from the National Trauma Research Unit (via the Alfred Health). Between 2003 and 2006, development costs of $288 636 were supplied by organisations including Royal Australasian College of Surgeons, Australasian Trauma Society, NSW Institute of Trauma and Injury Management and the Centre of National Research on Disability and Rehabilitation Medicine. Ms Ailene Fitzgerald, ACT Chair, Trauma Committee, Royal Australasian College of Surgeons, Committee Hansard, 25 February 2016, p. 12; Royal Australasian College of Surgeons, answer to questions on notice, 25 February 2016, p. 2.

[47]      Royal Australasian College of Surgeons, answer to questions on notice, 25 February 2016, p. 1.

[48]      Mr Michael Bradley, Chief Executive Officer, Australian Automobile Association, Committee Hansard, 25 February 2016, p. 8.

[49]      Royal Australasian College of Surgeons, Supplementary Submission 11, p. 2.

[50]      House of Representatives Standing Committee on Transport and Regional Services, National Road Safety – Eyes on the road ahead: Inquiry into National Road Safety, June 2004, p. 118.

[51]      RAC, Submission 59, p. 4.

[52]      Mr Garry Grossbard, Road Trauma Advisory Subcommittee representative, Royal Australasian College of Surgeons, Committee Hansard, 3 July 2015, p. 37; Mr Matthew Fulton, Chief Executive Officer, WestCycle, Committee Hansard, 18 February 2016, p. 1.

[53]      Professor William Young, Chief Scientific Adviser, ARRB Group, Committee Hansard, 3 July 2015, pp 1, 9.

[54]      Bicycle Network, Submission 32, p. 3.

[55]      Chief Superintendent Robert, Officer in Charge, Operations Support Coordination Branch, South Australia Police, Committee Hansard, 26 October 2015, p. 40. Dr David Logan, Senior Research Fellow, Monash University Accident Research Centre, Committee Hansard, 3 July 2015, p. 57; Mr Tony Arnold, Executive Officer, Australian Bicycle Council, Committee Hansard, 2 July 2015, p. 77; Mr Dick van den Dool, Director, Active Transport, GTA Consultants, Committee Hansard, 2 July 2015, p. 63.

[56]      Bicycle Network, Submission 32, p. 5.

[57]      Superintendent Michael Grainger, Victoria Police, Committee Hansard, 14 August 2016, p. 5.

[58]      See for example University of Adelaide Centre for Automotive Safety Research, Submission 40, p. 5; GTA Consultants, Submission 45, pp 3–9.

[59]      Link Place, Submission 17, p. 5; Pedestrian Council of Australia, Submission 58; Victoria Walks, Submission 61; Mr Harold Scruby, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Pedestrian Council of Australia, Committee Hansard, 2 July 2015, pp 29–35; Dr Angela Berndt, Industry Adviser: Driving, Occupational Therapy Australia, Committee Hansard, 3 July 2015, pp 37–38.

[60]      Pedestrian Council of Australia, Submission 58, pp 10, 17 and 18.

[61]      Pedestrian Council of Australia, Submission 58, p. 4.

[62]      ANCAP Australasia, Submission 31, p. 14.

[63]      Mr Nicholas Clarke, Chief Executive, ANCAP Australasia, Committee Hansard, 14 August 2015, p. 27.

[64]      Austroads, National Cycling Participation Survey 2015, p. 4, www.onlinepublications.austroads.com.au/items/AP-C91-15 (accessed 18 April 2016).

[65]      Link Place, Submission 17, p. 5.

[66]      Amy Gillett Foundation, Submission 35, p. 1.

[67]      Amy Gillett Foundation, Submission 35, p. 5.

[68]      Bicycle Network, Submission 32, p. 9; Amy Gillett Foundation, Submission 35, p. 5; Tasmanian Bicycle Council, Submission 43, p. 3; Cyclists' Rights Action Group, Submission 49, p. 1.

[69]      Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Submission 51, p. 20.

[70]      Cycling Promotion Fund, Submission 60, p. 5.

[71]      Mr Guy Keulemans, Submission 10, p. 1; Bicycle Transport Alliance, Submission 20, p. 4.

[72]      Royal Australasian College of Surgeons, Submission 11, Appendix 2, p. 2; Transport and Road Safety Research, University of New South Wales, Submission 50, p. 12.

[73]      Royal Australasian College of Surgeons, Submission 11, Appendix 2, p. 2.

[74]      Mr Matthew Fulton, Chief Executive Officer, WestCycle, Committee Hansard, 18 February 2016, p. 29; Bicycle Transport Alliance, Submission 20, p. 3, Ms Belinda Clark, Interim Chief Executive Officer, Cycling Promotion Fund, Committee Hansard, 3 July 2014, p. 63; Amy Gillett Foundation, Submission 35, p. 6.

[75]      612 ABC Brisbane, 'Queensland adopts law requiring one metre between cars and cyclists following trial', 7 April 2016, www.abc.net.au/news/2016-04-07/cyclist-one-metre-rule-to-stay-in-queensland-mark-bailey-says/7305998 (accessed 22 April 2016).

[76]      Amy Gillett Foundation, Submission 35, p. 6.

[77]      Amy Gillett Foundation, Submission 35, p. 6.

[78]      Mr Shane Rattenbury MLA, 'Positive attitudes towards safer cycling reforms as trial begins', Media release, 1 November 2015, www.cmd.act.gov.au/open_government/inform/
act_government_media_releases/rattenbury/2015/positive-attitudes-towards-safer-cycling-reforms-as-trial-begins (accessed 22 April 2016).

[79]      Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Submission 51, p. 18.

[80]      Australian Motorcycle Council, Submission 55, p. 6.

[81]      RAC, Submission 59, p. 4.

[82]      Australian Motorcycle Council, Submission 55, p. 6.

[83]      House of Representatives Standing Committee on Transport and Regional Services, National Road Safety – Eyes on the road ahead: Inquiry into National Road Safety, June 2004, p. 121.

[84]      Motorcycle Council of New South Wales, Submission 27, p. 1.

[85]      Ulysses Club, Submission 36, p. 4.

[86]      Australian Motorcycle Council, Submission 55, p. 6.

[87]      Ulysses Club, Submission 36, p. 3.

[88]      Australian Motorcycle Council, Submission 55, p. 7.

[89]      Motorcycle Council of New South Wales, Submission 27, p. 2.

[90]      Motorcycle Council of New South Wales, Submission 27, p. 3.

Chapter 2 - Vehicle design and technology

[1]        Mr Nicholas Clarke, Chief Executive Officer, ANCAP Australasia Ltd, Committee Hansard, 14 August 2015, pp 26–27; Mr Michael Cornish, General Manager, Road Safety and Strategic Communications, Motor Accident Commission, South Australia, Committee Hansard, 18 February 2016, p. 2; Mr Mark Jackman, Regional President, Chassis Systems Control, Robert Bosch Australia, Committee Hansard, 3 July 2015, p. 4; RAC, Submission 59, Attachment 3, Australian Automobile Association Submission to the Review of the Motor Vehicle Standards Act 1989, October 2014, p. 10.

[2]        Ms Samantha Cockfield, Senior Manager, Road Safety, Transport Accident Commission of Victoria, Committee Hansard, 3 July 2015, p. 44. See also Motoring Advisory Council, Submission 47, p. 4.

[3]        Mr Nicholas Clarke, Chief Executive Officer, ANCAP Australasia Ltd, Committee Hansard, 14 August 2015, p. 20.

[4]        Dr Jeremy Woolley, Centre for Automotive Safety Research, University of Adelaide, Committee Hansard, 26 October 2015, p. 2.

[5]        Mr Mark Jackman, Regional President, Chassis Systems Control, Robert Bosch Australia, Committee Hansard, 3 July 2015, p. 4; Mr William Golsby, General Manager, Corporate Affairs, RAC WA, Committee Hansard, 18 February 2016, p. 45.

[6]        Mr Mark Jackman, Regional President, Chassis Systems Control, Robert Bosch Australia, Committee Hansard, 3 July 2015, p. 3.

[7]        Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, RVCS: General information, http://rvcs-prodweb.dot.gov.au/ (accessed 22 June 2015).

[8]        Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, RVCS: Vehicle certification in Australia, http://rvcs-prodweb.dot.gov.au/ (accessed 22 June 2015).

[9]        ARRB Group, Submission 26, p. 4.

[10]      Austroads, Submission 69, p. 10; Monash University Accident Research Centre, Submission 67, p. 24; Toll Group, Submission 33, p. 2.

[11]      Professor William Young, Chief Scientific Advisor, ARRB Group Committee Hansard, 3 July 2015, p. 4.

[12]      Dr Jeremy Woolley, Acting Director, Centre for Automotive Safety Research, University of Adelaide, Committee Hansard, 26 October 2015, p. 6.

[13]      Motoring Advisory Council, Submission 47, p. 3.

[14]      Monash University Accident Research Centre, Submission 67, p. 23.

[15]      Mr Mark Jackman, Regional President, Chassis Systems Control, Robert Bosch Australia, Committee Hansard, 3 July 2015, p. 11.

[16]      Mr Mark Jackman, Regional President, Chassis Systems Control, Robert Bosch Australia, Committee Hansard, 3 July 2015, p. 10.

[17]      ARRB Group, Submission 26, p. 5; Motoring Advisory Council, Submission 47, p. 4.

[18]      Motoring Advisory Council, Submission 47, p. 4.

[19]      Centre for Automotive Safety Research, University of Adelaide, Submission 40, p. 4.

[20]      Mr Mark Jackman, Regional President, Chassis Systems Control, Robert Bosch Australia, Committee Hansard, 3 July 2015, p. 5.

[21]      Mr Tony Weber, Chief Executive, Federal Chamber of Automotive Industries, Committee Hansard, 14 August 2015, p. 58.

[22]      Mr Nicholas Clarke, Chief Executive Officer, ANCAP Australasia Ltd, Committee Hansard, 14 August 2015, p. 22.

[23]      Mr Mark Jackman, Regional President, Chassis Systems Control, Robert Bosch Australia, Committee Hansard, 3 July 2015, p. 3.

[24]      Professor Daniel Cass, Road Trauma Advisory Subcommittee, Royal Australasian College of Surgeons, Committee Hansard, 3 July 2015, p. 42; Ms Samantha Cockfield, Senior Manager, Road Safety, Transport Accident Commission of Victoria, Committee Hansard, 3 July 2015, p. 44.

[25]      Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Submission 51, p. 7.

[26]      Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Importing Vehicles into Australia, www.infrastructure.gov.au/vehicles/imports/ (accessed 27 April 2016).

[27]      Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Submission 51, p. 6.

[28]      Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Import options, www.infrastructure.gov.au/vehicles/imports/import_options/ (accessed 27 April 2016).

[29]      Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Submission 51, p. 10.

[30]      Federal Chamber of Automotive Industries, Submission 72, p. 3.

[31]      Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Submission 51, p. 7.

[32]      Department of Infrastructure of Regional Development, Submission 51, p. 7 and Attachment 2, p. 2.

[33]      Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Submission 51, p. 7.

[34]      Agreement concerning the Adoption of Uniform Conditions of Approval and Reciprocal Recognition of Approval for Motor Vehicle Equipment and Parts, (1958) (Australia signed in 2010) and Agreement concerning the Establishing of Global Technical Regulations for Wheeled Vehicles, Equipment and Parts which can be fitted and/or be used on Wheeled Vehicles (1988) (Australia signed in 2008).

[35]      Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Submission 51, p. 8.

[36]      Department of Infrastructure of Regional Development, Submission 51, Attachment 2, p. 2.

[37]      Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Submission 51, p. 8. See also Federal Chamber of Automotive Industries, Submission 72, p. 7.

[38]      United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (2013). Global technical regulation on pole side impact; Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule 85/00 – Pole Side Impact Performance) 2015, www.legislation.gov.au/Details/F2015L02109 (accessed 11 April 2016); National Road Safety Strategy, Current projects, http://roadsafety.gov.au/projects/current-projects.aspx (accessed 11 April 2016).

[39]      Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Submission 51, p. 7.

[40]      Dr Bruce Logan, Senior Research Fellow, Monash University Accident Research Centre, Committee Hansard, 3 July 2015, p. 52.

[41]      Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Submission 51, p. 9.

[42]      ANCAP Australasia Ltd, Submission 31, p. 7.

[43]      Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule 31/03 – Brake Systems for Passenger Cars) 2013; Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule 35/05 – Commercial Vehicle Brake Systems) 2013.

[44]      See for example Monash University Accident Research Centre, Submission 67, p. 24.

[45]      National Road Safety Strategy, Current projects, http://roadsafety.gov.au/projects/current-projects.aspx (accessed 11 April 2016).

[46]      Mr Mark Jackman, Regional President, Chassis Systems Control, Robert Bosch Australia, Committee Hansard, 3 July 2015, p. 4.

[47]      ARRB Group, Submission 26, p. 4.

[48]      ARRB Group, Submission 26, p. 4; Mr Michael Cornish, General Manager, Road Safety and Strategic Communications, Motor Accident Commission, South Australia, Committee Hansard, 18 February 2016, p. 6.

[49]      ANCAP Australasia Ltd, Submission 31, p. 2.

[50]      Mr Nicholas Clarke, Chief Executive Officer, ANCAP Australasia Ltd, Committee Hansard, 14 August 2015, p. 20.

[51]      Mr Nicholas Clarke, Chief Executive Officer, ANCAP Australasia Ltd, Committee Hansard, 14 August 2015, p. 20.

[52]      Centre for Automotive Safety Research, University of Adelaide, Submission 40, p. 2.

[53]      Mr William Golsby, General Manager, Corporate Affairs, RAC WA, Committee Hansard, 18 February 2016, p. 46.

[54]      RAC, Submission 59, p. 6; Royal Australasian College of Surgeons, Submission 11, Appendix 2, p. 3

[55]      RAC, Submission 59, p. 6.

[56]      Mr Mark Jackman, Regional President, Chassis Systems Control, Robert Bosch Australia, Committee Hansard, 3 July 2015, p. 4.

[57]      Mr Nicholas Clarke, Chief Executive Officer, ANCAP Australasia Ltd, Committee Hansard, 14 August 2015, p. 20.

[58]      Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Submission 51, p. 9.

[59]      Monash University Accident Research Centre, Submission 67, p. 6. See also Dr Bruce Logan, Senior Research Fellow, Monash University Accident Research Centre, Committee Hansard, 3 July 2015, p. 52.

[60]      Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Submission 51, p. 10; Australian Automobile Association, Submission 54, p. 7.

[61]      Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule 35/03 – Commercial Vehicle Brake Systems) 2009; Monash University Accident Research Centre, Submission 67, p. 21.

[62]      Monash University Accident Research Centre, Submission 67, p. 21.

[63]      Mr Robert McDonald. Senior Manager, Research Centre, Insurance Australia Group, Committee Hansard, 2 July 2015, p. 1.

[64]      ANCAP Australasia, Submission 31, p. 9.

[65]      Bicycle Network, Submission 32, p. 4.

[66]      Bicycle Network, Submission 32, p. 4; Australian Automobile Association, Submission 54, p. 7; RAC, Submission 59, p. 6.

[67]      Australian Automobile Association, Submission 54, p. 7.

[68]      Australian Automobile Association, 2016–­17 Pre-Budget Submission, pp. 13, 19. www.aaa.asn.au/storage/aaa-pre-budget-submission-2016.pdf (accessed 13 April 2016).

[69]      Australian Automobile Association, Submission 54, p. 7; Mr William Golsby, General Manager, Corporate Affairs, RAC WA, Committee Hansard, 18 February 2016, p. 46; Monash University Accident Research Centre, Submission 67, p. 16.

[70]      Used Car Safety Ratings, 'What is UCSR', www.howsafeisyourcar.com.au/Rating-Process/What-is-UCSR/ (accessed 13 April 2016).

[71]      Australian Automobile Association, Submission 54, p. 7.

[72]      Mr Nicholas Clarke, Chief Executive Officer, ANCAP Australasia Ltd, Committee Hansard, 14 August 2015, p. 20. See also Ms Anne Still, Senior Manager, Policy and Research, RAC WA, Committee Hansard, 18 February 2016, p. 47.

[73]      Mr Tony Weber, Chief Executive, Federal Chamber of Automotive Industries, Committee Hansard, 14 August 2015, p. 58.

[74]      University of Adelaide Centre for Automotive Safety Research, Submission 40, p. 2. See also Robert Bosch Australia, Submission 44, p. 3.

[75]      Australian Automobile Association, Submission 54, p. 8; Victoria Walks Inc, Submission 61, p. 9.

[76]      Mr Mark Jackman, Regional President, Chassis Systems Control, Robert Bosch Australia, Committee Hansard, 3 July 2015, p. 4.

[77]      Mr Tony Weber, Chief Executive, Federal Chamber of Automotive Industries, Committee Hansard, 14 August 2015, p. 58.

[78]      Brian Fildes et al, 'Effectiveness of low speed autonomous emergency braking in real-world rear‑end crashes,' Accident Analysis and Prevention, Volume 81 (2015), pp. 24­-29; see also Monash University Accident Research Centre, Submission 67, p. 22; Federal Chamber of Automotive Industries, Submission 72, p. 25.

[79]      National Road Safety Strategy, Completed projects, http://roadsafety.gov.au/projects/completed-projects.aspx (accessed 13 April 2016).

[80]      Mr Tony Weber, Chief Executive, Federal Chamber of Automotive Industries, Committee Hansard, 14 August 2015, p. 59; Robert Bosch Australia, Submission 44, p. 5.

[81]      Mr Tony Weber, Chief Executive, Federal Chamber of Automotive Industries, Committee Hansard, 14 August 2015, p. 59.

[82]      UN Regulation 131, Uniform provisions concerning the approval of motor vehicles with regard to the Advanced Emergency Braking Systems (AEBS), 7 August 2013; Commission Regulation (EU) No 347/2012, Official Journal of the European Union, 21 April 2012, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2012:109:0001:0017:en:PDF, (accessed 13 April 2016).

[83]      Federal Chamber of Automotive Industries, Submission 72, p. 25.

[84]      Mr Tony Weber, Chief Executive, Federal Chamber of Automotive Industries, Committee Hansard, 14 August 2015, p. 58; Federal Chamber of Automotive Industries, Submission 72, p. 25.

[85]      Mr Nicholas Clarke, ANCAP Australasia Ltd, Committee Hansard, 14 August 2015, p. 27.

[86]      Bureau of Infrastructure, Transport and Regional Economics (BITRE), Impact of road trauma and measures to improve outcomes, Report 140, December 2014, p. 59.

[87]      Bureau of Infrastructure, Transport and Regional Economics (BITRE), Impact of road trauma and measures to improve outcomes, Report 140, December 2014, p. 56, http://bitre.gov.au/publications/2014/files/report_140.pdf (accessed 13 April 2016).

[88]      Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development,         Motor Vehicle Standards Act Reform, February 2016, p. 2, https://infrastructure.gov.au/vehicles/mv_standards_act/files/
MVSA_Overview_Brochure.pdf (accessed 14 April 2016).

[89]      Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development,         Motor Vehicle Standards Act Reform, February 2016, p. 2.

[90]      Mr Robert McDonald, Senior Manager, Research Centre, Insurance Australia Group, Committee Hansard, 2 July 2015, p. 4; Federal Chamber of Automotive Industries, Submission 72, p. 3; Robert Bosch Australia Pty Ltd, Submission 44, p. 2.

[91]      The Treasury, Government response to the Competition Policy Review, p. 13.

[92]      The Hon Paul Fletcher MP, Minister for Major Projects, Territories and Local Government, 'More choice for car buyers and less red tape for the car industry under planned Government reforms to motor vehicle laws', Media release PF017/2016, 10 February 2016, http://minister.infrastructure.gov.au/pf/releases/2016/February/pf017_2016.aspx (accessed 14 April 2016).

[93]      Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development,         Motor Vehicle Standards Act Reform, February 2016, p. 2.

[94]      ARRB Group, Submission 26, p. 4.

[95]      Mr Robert McDonald, Senior Manager, Research Centre, Insurance Australia Group, Committee Hansard, 2 July 2015, p. 4.

[96]      Federal Chamber of Automotive Industries, Submission 72, p. 3.

[97]      Mr Tony Weber, Chief Executive, Federal Chamber of Automotive Industries, Committee Hansard, 14 August 2015, p. 58.

[98]      Robert Bosch Australia Pty Ltd, Submission 44, p. 2; Mr Robert McDonald, Senior Manager, Research Centre, Insurance Australia Group, Committee Hansard, 2 July 2015, p. 4.

[99]      Federal Chamber of Automotive Industries, Submission 72, p. 22.

[100]    Mr Bill McKinley, National Manager, Government Relations and Policy, Australian Trucking Association, Committee Hansard, 14 August 2015, p. 12; Toll Group, Submission 33, pp 6–7.

[101]    Toll Group, Submission 33, p 7.

[102]    Australian Trucking Association, Submission 38, p. 5; Victorian Transport Association, Submission 65, p. 6.

[103]    Mr Bill McKinley, National Manager, Government Relations and Policy, Australian Trucking Association, Committee Hansard, 22 March 2016, p. 37.

[104]    Mr John Mitchell, Chief Executive Officer, Mitchell's Livestock Transport and Innovex Solutions, Committee Hansard, 18 February 2016, p. 12.

[105]    Toll Group, Submission 33, p. 2.

[106]    Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Submission 51, p. 7.

[107]    Toll Group, Submission 33, p. 2.

[108]    Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Submission 51, p. 23.

Chapter 3 - Road safety in regional and rural Australia

[1]        BITRE applies the five 'remoteness regions' set by the Australian Statistical Geography Standard. Australian Bureau of Statistics, Australian Statistical Geography Standard: Volume 5 – Remoteness Structure, July 2011, 31 January 2013.

[2]        Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Submission 51, p. 14.

[3]        Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Submission 51, p. 14.

[4]        Ms Fiona Brooke, Policy Adviser, National Rural Health Alliance, Committee Hansard, 14 August 2015, p. 28.

[5]        Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia, Responding to injuries in remote and rural Australia, February 2016, p. 15, www.flyingdoctor.org.au/assets/documents/
RN017_Responding_to_Injuries_P14.pdf (accessed 30 March 2016).

[6]        Motor Accident Commission of South Australia, Submission 37, p. 7.

[7]        Ms Bronwyn Killmier, Assistant Commissioner, State Operations Service, South Australia Police, Committee Hansard, 26 October 2015, p. 40.

[8]        Ms Bronwyn Killmier, Assistant Commissioner, State Operations Service, South Australia Police, Committee Hansard, 26 October 2015, p. 40.

[9]        Motor Accident Commission of South Australia, Submission 37, p. 7.

[10]      Mr Andrew Scarce, Owner/Operator, Road Class Driver Training, Committee Hansard, 14 August 2015, p. 52.

[11]      Monash University Accident Research Centre, Submission 67, p. 35.

[12]      RAC, Submission 59, p. 7; Superintendent Michael Grainger, Victoria Police, Committee Hansard, 14 August 2015, p. 2.

[13]      Chief Superintendent Robert Fauser, Officer in Charge, Operations Support Coordination Branch, South Australia Police, Committee Hansard, 26 October 2015, p. 42.

[14]      Mr Iain Cameron, Austroads, Committee Hansard, 2 July 2015, pp 54–55.

[15]      NRMA-ACT Road Safety Trust, Submission 23, p. 2; TARS, UNSW, Submission 50, p. 26.

[16]      Mr Robert McDonald, Senior Manager, Research Centre, Insurance Australia Group, Committee Hansard, 2 July 2015, p. 2.

[17]      Ms Samantha Cockfield, Senior Manager, Road Safety, Transport Accident Commission of Victoria, Committee Hansard, 3 July 2015, p. 49.

[18]      Australian Automobile Association, Submission 54, p. 4.

[19]      Mr Craig Newland, Director, Road Safety and Technical Services, Australian Automobile Association, Committee Hansard, 14 August 2015, pp 46–47.

[20]      Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, answer to question on notice, 14 August 2015.

[21]      Transport and Infrastructure Council, National Road Safety Action Plan 2015–17, p. 3.

[22]      Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Submission 51, p. 26; Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, response to additional questions on notice from 14 August 2015, pp 1–2.

[23]      See, for example, RAC, Submission 59, pp 8–9; Chief Superintendent Robert Fauser, Officer in Charge, Operations Support Coordination Branch, South Australia Police, Committee Hansard, 26 October 2015, p. 43; Dr Jeremy Woolley, Acting Directory, Centre for Automotive Safety Research, University of Adelaide, Committee Hansard, 26 October 2015, p. 6.

[24]      Mr Ian King, Chief Executive, Western Australian Road Transport Association, Committee Hansard, 18 February 2016, p. 21.

[25]      Ms Terri-Anne Pettet, Manager, RoadWise Program, Western Australian Local Government Association, Committee Hansard, 18 February 2016, p. 56.

[26]      Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Roads to Recovery Programme, http://investment.infrastructure.gov.au/funding/r2r/ (accessed 20 April 2016).

[27]      The Hon Warren Truss MP, Minister for Infrastructure and Regional Development, 'Fuel excise change a boost for local roads', Media release WT184/2015, http://minister.infrastructure.gov.
au/wt/releases/2015/June/wt184_2015.aspx (accessed 20 April 2016).

[28]      Ms Terri-Anne Pettet, Manager, RoadWise Program, Western Australian Local Government Association, Committee Hansard, 18 February 2016, p 56–57.

[29]      Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Submission 51, p. 26.

[30]      Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Submission 51, p. 26.

[31]      Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Submission 51, p. 26; Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, The Black Spot Programme, http://investment.infrastructure.gov.au/funding/blackspots/ (accessed 10 November 2015).

[32]      Mr Iain Cameron, Austroads, Committee Hansard, 2 July 2015, p. 57.

[33]      RAC, Submission 59, p. 7.

[34]      Mr Iain Cameron, Chairman, Austroads Safety Taskforce, Committee Hansard, 2 July 2015, p. 55.

[35]      Mr Iain Cameron, Austroads, Committee Hansard, 2 July 2015, p. 57; The Centre for Automotive Safety Research, The University of Adelaide, Submission 40, p. 3.

[36]      Dr Jeremy Woolley, Acting Directory, Centre for Automotive Safety Research, University of Adelaide, Committee Hansard, 26 October 2015, p. 2.

[37]      Inspector Stuart McGregor, Victoria Police, Committee Hansard, 14 August 2015, p. 3.

[38]      RAC, Submission 59, p. 7.

[39]      Mr Andrew Scarce, Owner/Operator, Road Class Driver Training, Committee Hansard, 14 August 2015, p. 52; Ms Bronwyn Killmier, Assistant Commissioner, State Operations Service, South Australia Police, Committee Hansard, 26 October 2015, p. 40.

[40]      Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Submission 51, p. 15.

[41]      NRMA-ACT Road Safety Trust, Submission 23, p. 2; Superintendent Michael Grainger, Victoria Police, Committee Hansard, 14 August 2015, p. 1.

[42]      Motor Accident Commission of South Australia, Submission 37, p. 4.

[43]      Chief Superintendent Robert Fauser, Officer in Charge, Operations Support Coordination Branch, South Australia Police, Committee Hansard, 26 October 2015, p. 42.

[44]      National Rural Health Alliance Inc., Submission 39, p. 3.

[45]      Inspector Stuart McGregor, Victoria Police, Committee Hansard, 14 August 2015, p. 6.

[46]      Inspector Stuart McGregor, Victoria Police, Committee Hansard, 14 August 2015, p. 6.

[47]      Pedestrian Council of Australia, Submission 58, p. 4.

[48]      Dr Jeremy Woolley, Acting Directory, Centre for Automotive Safety Research, University of Adelaide, Committee Hansard, 26 October 2015, p. 6.

[49]      Mr Michael Cornish APM, Motor Accident Commission of SA, Committee Hansard, 18 February 2016, p. 7; Additional information from the Motor Accident Commission of SA, received 31 March 2016, p. 8.

[50]      Motor Accident Commission of SA, additional information received 31 March 2016, p. 8.

[51]      Dr Jeremy Woolley, Acting Directory, Centre for Automotive Safety Research, University of Adelaide, Committee Hansard, 26 October 2015, p. 6.

[52]      Motor Accident Commission of SA, additional information received 31 March 2016, pp 3–4.

[53]      Motor Accident Commission of SA, additional information received 31 March 2016, pp 2–4.

[54]      Motor Accident Commission of SA, additional information received 31 March 2016, pp 5–6.

[55]      Ms Naomi Quinn, Manager Road Safety and Regulatory Policy, Insurance Australia Group, Committee Hansard, 2 July 2015, p. 15.

[56]      Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia, Responding to injuries in remote and rural Australia, February 2016, p. 15; Ms Fiona Brooke, Policy Adviser, National Rural Health Alliance, Committee Hansard, 14 August 2015, p. 32; Professor Mark Stevenson, Executive Committee member, Australasian College of Road Safety, Committee Hansard, 26 October 2015, p. 27; Ms Terri-Anne Pettet, Manager, RoadWise Program, Western Australian Local Government Association, Committee Hansard, 18 February 2016, p. 57.

[57]      Mr Russell White, Chief Executive Officer, National Road Safety Foundation, Committee Hansard, 18 February 2016, p. 51.

[58]      Roadcraft Driver Education Specialists, Additional Information: The Roadcraft model, p. 2.

[59]      Motor Accident Commission of SA, additional information received 31 March 2016, p. 4.

[60]      Mr Russell White, Chief Executive Officer, National Road Safety Foundation, Committee Hansard, 18 February 2016, p. 50.

[61]      Mr Russell White, Chief Executive Officer, National Road Safety Foundation, Committee Hansard, 18 February 2016, p. 52.

[62]      Mr Russell White, Chief Executive Officer, National Road Safety Foundation, Committee Hansard, 18 February 2016, p. 51.

[63]      Mr Russell White, Chief Executive Officer, National Road Safety Foundation, Committee Hansard, 18 February 2016, p. 51.

[64]      Ms Fiona Brooke, Policy Adviser, and Mr Andrew Phillips, Policy Consultant, National Rural Health Alliance, Committee Hansard, 14 August 2015, p. 34.

[65]      St John Ambulance Australia, Submission 8, p. 2.

[66]      Ms Fiona Brooke, Policy Adviser, and Mr Andrew Phillips, Policy Consultant, National Rural Health Alliance, Committee Hansard, 14 August 2015, p. 34; St John Ambulance Australia, Submission 8, p. 2.

[67]      St John Ambulance Australia, Submission 8, p. 3.

[68]      Mrs Belinda Ding, National Policy Manager, St John Ambulance Australia, Committee Hansard, 26 October 2015, p. 16.

[69]      Mrs Belinda Ding, National Policy Manager, St John Ambulance Australia, Committee Hansard, 26 October 2015, p. 15.

Chapter 4 - Australia's heavy vehicle industry

[1]        Toll Group, Submission 33, p. 2.

[2]        Enginistics, Submission 21, p.1.

[3]        Transport Workers' Union of Australia, Submission 64, p. 4.

[4]        Toll Group, Submission 33, p. 4.

[5]        Toll Group, Submission 33, p. 3.

[6]        See for example Transport Workers' Union, Submission 64, p.1; National Independent Trucking Association Inc., Submission 9, p. 2.

[7]        National Rural Health Alliance, Submission 39, p. 9.

[8]        Mr Ian King, President, Western Australian Road Transport Association, Committee Hansard, 18 February 2016, p. 21.

[9]        Mr Tony Sheldon, National Secretary, Transport Workers Union of Australia, Committee Hansard, 2 July 2015, p. 40.

[10]      Transport Workers' Union, Submission 64, p. 3.

[11]      Mr Peter Anderson, Chief Executive Officer, Victorian Transport Association, Committee Hansard, 3 July 2015, p. 29.

[12]      National Transport Commission (with the Hon Lance Wright QC and Professor Michael Quinlan), Safe payments: addressing the underlying causes of unsafe practices in the road transport industry, October 2008, p. 47, http://www.rsrt.gov.au/default/assets/File/Subs_on_draft_RSRO_TWU/exhibits/MQ%205.2008.Quinlan%20et%20al.pdf (accessed 18 April 2016).

[13]      National Transport Commission (with the Hon Lance Wright QC and Professor Michael Quinlan), Safe payments: addressing the underlying causes of unsafe practices in the road transport industry, October 2008, p. 47.

[14]      Transport Workers' Union of Australia, Submission 64, p. 4. See also Victorian Transport Association, Submission 65, p. 2; National Independent Trucking Association, Submission 9, p. 2; Mr Steven Corcoran, Submission 25; Mr Cameron Dunn, Managing Director, FBT Transwest, Committee Hansard, 2 July 2015, p. 38; Mr Salvatore Patroccitto, Chief Executive Officer, National Heavy Vehicle Regulator, Committee Hansard, 26 October 2015, p. 36; Mr Ian King, Western Australian Road Transport Association, Committee Hansard, 18 February 2016, p. 27.

[15]      National Independent Trucking Association, Submission 9, p. 2.

[16]      National Road Transport Association, Submission 73.

[17]      Road Safety Remuneration Tribunal Act 2012, s 80, paras (a)–(d).

[18]      Department of Employment, Discussion Paper: The Road Safety Remuneration System, March 2016, p. 2.

[19]      Transport Workers' Union of Australia, Submission 64, p. 4.

[20]      Mr Jim Williams, First Assistant Secretary, Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Committee Hansard, 22 March 2016, p. 16.

[21]      Mr Jim Williams, First Assistant Secretary, Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Committee Hansard, 22 March 2016, p. 21.

[22]      Ms Christine Dacey, Acting First Assistant Secretary, Visa and Citizenship Management Division, Department of Immigration and Border Protection, correspondence received 14 April 2016.

[23]      Mr Mike Stapleton, Deputy Director-General, Customer Services, Safety and Regulation, Department of Main Roads and Transport, Committee Hansard, 22 March 2016, p. 64.

[24]      Mr Mike Stapleton, Deputy Director-General, Customer Services, Safety and Regulation, Department of Main Roads and Transport, Committee Hansard, 22 March 2016, p. 60.

[25]      Under section 125 of the Transport Operations (Road Use Management–Driver Licensing) Regulation (Queensland), if the chief executive considers a ground exists to amend, suspend or cancel a person's Queensland driver licence, they may give written notice inviting the person to show cause of why the proposed action should not take place.

[26]      Mr Mike Stapleton, Deputy Director-General, Customer Services, Safety and Regulation, Department of Main Roads and Transport, Committee Hansard, 22 March 2016, p. 65.

[27]      Mr Mike Stapleton, Deputy Director-General, Customer Services, Safety and Regulation, Department of Main Roads and Transport, Committee Hansard, 22 March 2016, p. 64.

[28]      Austroads, Australian driver licensing, www.austroads.com.au/drivers-vehicles/registration-licensing-program/australian-driver-licensing (accessed 15 April 2016).

[29]      Australian Trucking Association, Submission 38, p. 1.

[30]      Australian Trucking Association, Submission 38, p. 1.

[31]      Austroads, Applying for a Licence, www.austroads.com.au/drivers-vehicles/overseas-driver-licences/applying-for-a-licence (accessed 18 April 2016).

[32]      Mr Mike Stapleton, Deputy Director-General, Customer Services, Safety and Regulation, Department of Main Roads and Transport, Committee Hansard, 22 March 2016, p. 59.

[33]      Mr Bill McKinley, National Manager, Government Relations and Policy, Australian Trucking Association, Committee Hansard, 22 March 2016, p. 37; Toll Group, Submission 33, p 7.

[34]      Mr Salvatore Petroccitto, Chief Executive Officer, National Heavy Vehicle Regulator, Committee Hansard, 26 October 2015, p. 30.

[35]      National Heavy Vehicle Regulator, Heavy Vehicle National Law and Regulations, www.nhvr.
gov.au/law-policies/heavy-vehicle-national-law-and-regulations (accessed 15 April 2016).

[36]      Mr Salvatore Petroccitto, Chief Executive Officer, National Heavy Vehicle Regulator, Committee Hansard, 26 October 2015, p. 30.

[37]      Mr Salvatore Petroccitto, Chief Executive Officer, National Heavy Vehicle Regulator, Committee Hansard, 26 October 2015, pp 32, 35.

[38]      National Heavy Vehicle Regulator, Heavy Vehicle National Law Amendment Package 4 - Summary Table, www.nhvr.gov.au/files/201602-0293-hvnl-ap4-changes-summary-table.pdf (accessed 15 April 2016).

[39]      Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Submission 51, p. 24.

[40]      National Heavy Vehicle Regulator, Electronic Work Diaries (EWDs), www.nhvr.gov.au/safety-accreditation-compliance/fatigue-management/electronic-work-diaries-ewds (accessed 15 April 2016).

[41]      Mr Brendan Tenison-Woods, Director, Driver Education Centre of Australia, Committee Hansard, 22 March 2016, p. 48.

[42]      Mr Brendan Tenison-Woods, Director, Driver Education Centre of Australia, Committee Hansard, 22 March 2016, p. 48.

[43]      Mr Bill McKinley, National Manager, Government Relations and Policy, Australian Trucking Association, Committee Hansard, 22 March 2016, p. 35.

[44]      Mr Tony Sheldon, National Secretary, Transport Workers' Union of Australia, Committee Hansard, 22 March 2016, p. 2; Mr Bill McKinley, National Manager, Government Relations and Policy, Australian Trucking Association, Committee Hansard, 22 March 2016, p. 39.

Additional comments from the Australian Greens

[1]        Bicycle Transport Alliance, Submission 20; Bicycle Network, Submission 32; Amy Gillett Foundation, Submission 35.

[2]        Austroads, National Cycling Participation Survey 2015, p. 4, www.onlinepublications.austroads.com.au/items/AP-C91-15 (accessed 2 May 2016).

[3]        Dr David Bissell, Australian National University, Submission 18, p. 3; Bicycle Network, Submission 32, p. 8; Amy Gillett Foundation, Submission 35, pp 8–9; Link Place, Submission 17, p. 4.

[4]        Austroads, National Cycling Participation Survey 2015, p. 4, www.onlinepublications.austroads.com.au/items/AP-C91-15 (accessed 2 May 2016).

[5]        Link Place, Submission 17, p. 5.

[6]        Amy Gillett Foundation, Submission 35, p. 1.

[7]        Amy Gillett Foundation, Submission 35, p. 3.

[8]        Amy Gillett Foundation, Submission 35, p. 5.

[9]        Megan Garrett et al, Road crashes involving bike riders in Victoria, 2002–2012: an Amy Gillett Foundation report, September 2015, p. 47, www.amygillett.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Road-crashes-AGF-Report-FINAL-Sept-2015.pdf (accessed 3 May 2016).

[10]      See, for example, Bicycle Network, Submission 32, p. 3.

[11]      Bicycle Network, Submission 32, p. 3.  

[12]      Mr Garry Grossbard, Road Trauma Advisory Subcommittee representative, Royal Australasian College of Surgeons, Committee Hansard, 3 July 2015, p. 37; Mr Matthew Fulton, Chief Executive Officer, WestCycle, Committee Hansard, 18 February 2016, p. 1; Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Submission 51, Attachment 1.

[13]      See for example University of Adelaide Centre for Automotive Safety Research, Submission 40, p. 5; GTA Consultants, Submission 45, pp 3–9.

[14]      Bicycle Network, Submission 32, p. 5.

[15]      Pedestrian Council of Australia, Submission 58, pp 10, 17 and 18.

[16]      Bicycle Network, Submission 32, p. 9; Amy Gillett Foundation, Submission 35, p. 5; Tasmanian Bicycle Council, Submission 43, p. 3; Cyclists' Rights Action Group, Submission 49, p. 1.

[17]      Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Submission 51, p. 20.

[18]      Cycling Promotion Fund, Submission 60, p. 5.