Chapter 1 - Introduction and background

[1]        Journals of the Senate No. 147, 9 May 2016, p. 3964.

[2]        Journals of the Senate No. 7, 15 September 2016, p. 225.

[3]        Productivity Commission, 'Progress in rail reform', Appendix C: History of railways in Australia, p. 1.

[4]        Productivity Commission, 'Progress in rail reform', Appendix C: History of railways in Australia, p. 1.

[5]        Mr Mike Mrdak AO, Secretary of Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, "Secretary Series with Mike Mrdak AO", 23 August 2017, speech delivered at the Institute of Public Administration Australia ACT Division, p. 8, Transcript available https://vs286790.blob.core.windows.net/docs/Event-Documents/IPAA%202017%20-%20Transcript%20-%20Secretary%20Series%20with%20Mike%20Mrdak%20-%2023%20August%202017.pdf. (Accessed 18 September 2017).

[6]        Mr Mike Mrdak AO, Secretary of Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, "Secretary Series with Mike Mrdak AO", 23 August 2017, speech delivered at the Institute of Public Administration Australia ACT Division, p. 5.

[7]        Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, available at https://infrastructure.gov.au/rail/trains/history.aspx. (Accessed 19 September 2017). See, also Mr John Austen, Submission 1, Mr Shaun Goss, Submission 3, Rail Industry Safety and Standards Board, Submission 6, Rail Manufacturing CRC, Submission 9, Centre for Future Work, Submission 10, Australian Manufacturing Workers' Union, Submission 11, and Queensland Department of Transport and Main Roads, Submission 15.

[8]        Productivity Commission, 'Progress in rail reform', Appendix C: History of railways in Australia, p. 2.

[9]        Productivity Commission, 'Progress in rail reform', Appendix C: History of railways in Australia, p. 2.

[10]      Rail Industry Safety and Standards Board, Submission 6, p. 2.

[11]      Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, https://infrastructure.gov.au/rail/trains/history.aspx (Accessed 21 September 2017).

[12]      Website: NSW Museum of Applied Arts and Sciences, https://maas.museum/inside-the-collection/2015/09/26/happy-160th-birthday-sydney-trains/ (Accessed 3 October 2017).

[13]      Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, https://infrastructure.gov.au/rail/trains/history.aspx (Accessed 15 September 2017).

[14]      Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, https://infrastructure.gov.au/rail/trains/history.aspx (Accessed 15 September 2017).

[15]      Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, https://infrastructure.gov.au/rail/trains/history.aspx (Accessed 15 September 2017).

[16]      Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, https://infrastructure.gov.au/rail/trains/history.aspx (Accessed 15 September 2017).

[17]      Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, https://infrastructure.gov.au/rail/trains/history.aspx (Accessed 15 September 2017).

[18]      Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, https://infrastructure.gov.au/rail/trains/history.aspx (Accessed 15 September 2017).

[19]      Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, https://infrastructure.gov.au/rail/trains/history.aspx (Accessed 15 September 2017).

[20]      Australasian Railway Association, Submission 7, p. 2.

[21]      Rail Industry Safety and Standards Board, Submission 6, p. 3.

[22]      Members include companies and organisations involved in rail freight and passenger operations, track management, suppliers and contractors.

[23]      Rail Industry Safety and Standards Board, Submission 6, p. 3.

[24]      Rail Industry Safety and Standards Board, Submission 6, p. 3.

[25]      Rail Industry Safety and Standards Board, Submission 6, p. 3.

[26]      In 2012, as part of its funding agreement with the Rail Industry Safety and Standards Board, the Australian Government arranged for a review of RISSB's processes and activity to be conducted. The review was undertaken by specialist international consultant, Mr Tony Taig.

[27]      The Taig Review: TTAC Limited, Review of the Rail Industry Safety and Standards Board and its MOU with the Governments, June 2012, pp 11-12.

[28]      Rail Manufacturing CRC, Submission 9, p. 5.

[29]      Rail Manufacturing CRC, Submission 9, p. 5.

[30]      Australian Manufacturing Workers' Union, Submission 11, p. 9.

[31]      Australian Manufacturing Workers' Union, Submission 11, Attachment 1, p. 3.

[32]      The Taig Review: TTAC Limited, Review of the Rail Industry Safety and Standards Board and its MOU with the Governments, June 2012, p. 16.

[33]      Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Submission 14, p. 2.

[34]      Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, available at https://infrastructure.gov.au/rail/trains/history.aspx. (Accessed 19 September 2017.)

[35]      Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, available at https://infrastructure.gov.au/rail/trains/history.aspx. (Accessed 19 September 2017.)

[36]      Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Submission 14, p. 21.

[37]      Australasian Railway Association, Submission 7, p. 10.

Chapter 2 - Current state of Australia's rail industry

[1]        Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Submission 14, p. 2.

[2]        Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Submission 14, p. 2.

[3]        IBISWorld, Railway Equipment Manufacturing and Repair in Australia: Market Research Report, October 2016, cited in Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Submission 14, p. 9.

[4]        Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Submission 14, p. 2.

[5]        Rail Manufacturing CRC, Submission 9, p. 2.

[6]        Rail Industry Safety and Standards Board, Submission 6, p. 3.

[7]        Rail Manufacturing CRC, Submission 9, p. 1.

[8]        Participants in the Rail Manufacturing CRC include rail manufacturers such as Bombardier Transportation, OneSteel, Downer Rail, UGL and Faiveley Transport.

[9]        Rail Manufacturing CRC, Submission 9, p. 1.

[10]      Committee for Economic Development of Australia, Advanced Manufacturing: Beyond the production line, April 2014.

[11]      Rail Industry Safety and Standards Board, Submission 6, p. 4.

[12]      See, for example Mr John Austen, Submission 1, Rail Industry Safety and Standards Board, Submission 6, CBH Group, Submission 8, Australian Manufacturing Workers' Union, Submission 11 and Queensland Department of Transport and Main Roads, Submission 15.

[13]      Cooperative Bulk Handling Group, Submission 8, [p. 3].  Also note: Western Australia's rail industry currently operates under a below rail access regime which provides for a third party operator to gain access to a network by operating its own rolling stock on that network. Under the WA regime, companies seeking to transport commodities on the rail line are charged access fees.

[14]      Cooperative Bulk Handling Group, Submission 8, [p. 1].

[15]      Cooperative Bulk Handling Group, Submission 8, [p. 2].

[16]      Cooperative Bulk Handling Group, Submission 8, [p. 2].

[17]      Cooperative Bulk Handling Group, Submission 8, [p. 3].

[18]      Rail Manufacturing CRC, Submission 9, p. 7.

[19]      The Taig Review: TTAC Limited, Review of the Rail Industry Safety and Standards Board and its MOU with the Governments, June 2012, p. 13.

[20]      These costs range from an additional 4 to 5 per cent to any interstate project. They may also include several additional weeks training for train crews to maintain their qualifications.

[21]      The Taig Review: TTAC Limited, Review of the Rail Industry Safety and Standards Board and its MOU with the Governments, June 2012, p. 13.

[22]      The Taig Review: TTAC Limited, Review of the Rail Industry Safety and Standards Board and its MOU with the Governments, June 2012, p. 13.

[23]      The Taig Review: TTAC Limited, Review of the Rail Industry Safety and Standards Board and its MOU with the Governments, June 2012, p. 14.

[24]      The Taig Review: TTAC Limited, Review of the Rail Industry Safety and Standards Board and its MOU with the Governments, June 2012, p. 14.

[25]      The Taig Review: TTAC Limited, Review of the Rail Industry Safety and Standards Board and its MOU with the Governments, June 2012, p. 14.

[26]      Australian Rail Track Corporation website: https://www.artc.com.au/about/our-history/, accessed 18 September 2017.

[27]      Australian Rail Track Corporation , Submission 18, p. 2.

[28]      Australian Rail Track Corporation website: https://www.artc.com.au/about/our-history/, accessed 18 September 2017 and Australian Rail Track Corporation , Submission 18, p. 2.

[29]      ACOP is the term used to describe company products, namely standards, codes of practice, rules and guidelines. ANRP is the master set of rules and procedures that define how Rail Transport Operators operate safely on the Australian Rail Network.

[30]      Rail Industry Safety and Standards Board, Submission 6, p. 1.

[31]      Rail Industry Safety and Standards Board, Submission 6, p. 2.

[32]      Rail Industry Safety and Standards Board, Submission 6, p. 3.

[33]      Rail Industry Safety and Standards Board, Submission 6, p. 3.

[34]      Rail Industry Safety and Standards Board, Submission 6, p. 3.

[35]      Rail Industry Safety and Standards Board, Submission 6, p. 3.

[36]      Rail Industry Safety and Standards Board, Submission 6, p. 3.

[37]      The Taig Review: TTAC Limited, Review of the Rail Industry Safety and Standards Board and its MOU with the Governments, June 2012, p. 3.

[38]      Mr Paul Daly, Rail Industry Safety and Standards Board, Committee Hansard, 30 August 2017, p. 2.

[39]      Australasian Railway Association, Opportunities for Greater Passenger Rolling Stock Procurement Efficiency, September 2013, p. 4.

[40]      See, for example, Mr Shaun Goss, Submission 3, [p. 1], Mr Darren Mitchell, Submission 4, [p. 1], Mr Phillip Walters, Submission 5, Rail Industry Safety and Standards Board, Submission 6, Australasian Railway Association, Submission 7, Rail Manufacturing CRC, Submission 9, and Australian Workers' Union, Submission 12.

[41]      Mr Phillip Walters, Submission 5, [p. 1].

[42]      Mr Phillip Walters, Submission 5, [p. 1].

[43]      Mr Phillip Walters, Submission 5, [p. 1].

[44]      The Australia Institute, Centre for Future Work, Submission 10, p. 3.

[45]      Mr Paul Daly, Rail Industry Safety and Standards Board, Committee Hansard, 30 August 2017, p. 4.

[46]      The Australia Institute, Centre for Future Work, Submission 10, p. 13.

[47]      The Australia Institute, Centre for Future Work, Submission 10, p. 13.

[48]      The Australia Institute, Centre for Future Work, Submission 10, p. 14.

[49]      The Australia Institute, Centre for Future Work, Submission 10, p. 14.

[50]      The Australia Institute, Centre for Future Work, Submission 10, p. 14.

[51]      The Australia Institute, Centre for Future Work, Submission 10, p. 14-15.

[52]      Australian Rail Track Corporation , Submission 18, p. 3.

[53]      See, for example, Mr Phillip Walters, Submission 5, Rail Industry Safety and Standards Board, Submission 6, Australasian Railway Association, Submission 7, Rail Manufacturing CRC, Submission 9, and Centre for Future Work, Submission 10.

[54]      Lovells Springs Pty Ltd, Submission 20, [p. 3].

[55]      Lovells Springs Pty Ltd, Submission 20, [p. 3].

[56]      Lovells Springs Pty Ltd, Submission 20, [p. 3].

[57]      Lovells Springs Pty Ltd, Submission 20, [p. 3].

[58]      Australian Rail Track Corporation , Submission 18, pp 2 and 4.

[59]      Australian Rail Track Corporation , Submission 18, p. 4.

[60]      Australian Rail Track Corporation , Submission 18, p. 4.

[61]      Australian Rail Track Corporation , Submission 18, pp 4 and 5.

[62]      Australian Manufacturing Workers' Union, Submission 11, p. 14.

[63]      Rail Manufacturing CRC, Submission 9, p. 5.

[64]      Rail Manufacturing CRC, Submission 9, p. 5.

[65]      Australian Manufacturing Workers' Union, Submission 11, p. 14.

[66]      Rail Manufacturing CRC, Submission 9, p. 6.

[67]      IBISWorld Industry Report C2393, Railway Equipment Manufacturing and Repair in Australia, May 2015, cited in Rail Manufacturing CRC, Submission 9, p. 5.

[68]      Rail Manufacturing CRC, Submission 9, p. 5.

[69]      Mr Shaun Goss, Submission 3, [p. 1].

[70]      Mr Amedeo D'Aprano, Australian Rail Tram and Bus Industry Union, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 8.

[71]      Mr Amedeo D'Aprano, Australian Rail Tram and Bus Industry Union, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 8.

[72]      Mr Amedeo D'Aprano, Australian Rail Tram and Bus Industry Union, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 8.

[73]      Mr Amedeo D'Aprano, Australian Rail Tram and Bus Industry Union, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 8.

[74]      Lovells Springs Pty Ltd, Submission 20, [p. 2].

[75]      See, for example, Mr Andrew Peach, Submission 2, [p. 1], Mr Shaun Goss, Submission 3, [p. 1], Mr Darren Mitchell, Submission 4, [p. 1], Mr Phillip Walters, Submission 5, [p. 1], Rail Manufacturing CRC, Submission 9, Centre for Future Work, Submission 10, Australian Manufacturing Workers' Union, Submission 11 and Victorian Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, Submission 19.

[76]      Mr Andrew Peach, Submission 2, [p. 1]. 

[77]      Lovells Springs Pty Ltd, Submission 20, [p. 2].

[78]      Australian Rail Track Corporation , Submission 18, p. 2.

[79]      Australian Rail Track Corporation , Submission 18, p. 3.

[80]      Australian Rail Track Corporation , Submission 18, p. 3 and Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Submission 14, pp 7-8.

[81]      Australian Rail Track Corporation , Submission 18, p. 3 and Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Submission 14, p. 8.

[82]      Australian Rail Track Corporation , Submission 18, p. 3.

[83]      Australian Rail Track Corporation , Submission 18, p. 3.

[84]      Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Submission 14, p. 8.

[85]      Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Submission 14, pp 8-9.

[86]      The Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development cited evidence that this represents a 10 per cent modal shift, reducing heavy vehicle road use and improving overall safety for all road users.

[87]      IBISWorld Industry Report C2393, Railway Equipment Manufacturing and Repair in Australia, May 2015, cited in Rail Manufacturing CRC, Submission 9, p. 4.

[88]      Rail Manufacturing CRC, Submission 9, pp 2-4.

[89]      Rail Manufacturing CRC, Submission 9, p. 3.

Chapter 3 - Importance of Australia's rail industry

[1]        Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Submission 14, p. 2.

[2]        Australasian Railway Association, Rail: Growing the Australian Economy. Six platforms to stimulate growth in the Australian rail industry, November 2014, Executive Summary, https://ara.net.au/sites/default/files/pdf/6-Platforms-full-report-WEB.pdf (accessed 22 September 2017). 

[3]        As an example, since 2000, 986 passenger rail power cars and carriages have been manufactured in Australia compared to 1482 manufactured overseas for Australia. Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Submission 14, p. 13.

[4]        Mr Amedeo D'Aprano, Australian Rail Tram and Bus Industry Union, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 8.

[5]        Australasian Railway Association, Submission 7; Deloitte Access Economics, The true value of rail, October 2011, pp 21–22.

[6]        Australasian Railway Association, Submission 7; Deloitte Access Economics, The true value of rail, October 2011, p. i. 

[7]        Australasian Railway Association, Submission 7; Deloitte Access Economics, The true value of rail, October 2011, pp 21–22.

[8]        Australasian Railway Association, Submission 7, p. 7.

[9]        Australasian Railway Association, A National Rail Industry Plan for the Benefit of Australia, September 2017, p. 6.

[10]      Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Submission 14, p. 5.

[11]      Mr Jeroen Weimar, Public Transport Victoria, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 19.

[12]      Australasian Railway Association, Submission 7; Deloitte Access Economics, The true value of rail, October 2011, p. iii.

[13]      Australasian Railway Association, A National Rail Industry Plan for the Benefit of Australia, September 2017, p. 7.

[14]      Bureau of Infrastructure, Transport and Regional Economics, Traffic and congestion cost trends for Australian capital cities, Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Information Sheet 74, November 2015, p. 1, https://bitre.gov.au/publications/2015/files/is_074.pdf (accessed 27 September 2017).

[15]      Australasian Railway Association, Submission 7; Deloitte Access Economics, The true value of rail, October 2011, p. iii.

[16]      Australasian Railway Association, Submission 7, p. 5.

[17]      Australasian Railway Association, Submission 7; Deloitte Access Economics, The true value of rail, October 2011, p. i. 

[18]      Australasian Railway Association, Submission 7; Deloitte Access Economics, The true value of rail, October 2011, p. 20. 

[19]      Australasian Railway Association, Submission 7, p. 4; Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Submission 14, p. 5.

[20]      Australasian Railway Association, Submission 7, p. 7.

[21]      Freight on Rail Group, Submission 17, p. 5.

[22]      Freight on Rail Group, Submission 17, pp 5–6.

[23]      Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Submission 14, p. 5.

[24]      CBH, Submission 8, p. 1.

[25]      Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Submission 14, p. 17.

[26]      Mr Paul Candy, Australian Manufacturing Workers' Union, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 11.

[27]      Australasian Railway Association, Submission 7, p. 2.

[28]      Centre for Future Works, Submission 10, pp 4–5.

[29]      The Australia Institute, Centre for Future Works, Submission 10, p. 3 and Australasian Railway Association, Submission 7, p. 2.

[30]      The Australia Institute, Centre for Future Works, Submission 10, p. 4.

[31]      The Australia Institute, Centre for Future Works, Submission 10, p. 6.

[32]      The Australia Institute, Centre for Future Works, Submission 10, p. 6.

[33]      The Australia Institute, Centre for Future Works, Submission 10, p. 6.

[34]      Centre for Future Works, Submission 10, p. 8.

[35]      The Australia Institute, Centre for Future Works, Submission 10, p. 7. The table is derived from the CFW calculations from the Australian Bureau of Statistics Catalogues.

[36]      Includes direct Tier 1 input suppliers only (not counting employment associated with indirect inputs or "suppliers to suppliers"). Centre for Future Works, Submission 10, p. 7.

[37]      Mostly consisting of purchases from other railroad rolling stock manufacturers, hence derived employment is not calculated. The Australia Institute, Centre for Future Works, Submission 10, p. 7.

[38]      This includes indirect taxes less subsidies. The Australia Institute, Centre for Future Works, Submission 10, p. 7.

[39]      The Australia Institute, Centre for Future Works, Submission 10, p. 5.

[40]      The Australia Institute, Centre for Future Works, Submission 10, p. 5.

[41]      Rail Manufacturing CRC, Submission 9, p. 5.

[42]      Australian Council of Trade Unions, Submission 13, p. 2.

[43]      The Australia Institute, Centre for Future Works, Submission 10, p. 14.

[44]      Mr Shaun Goss, Submission 3.

[45]      Mr Phillip Walters, Australian Manufacturing Workers Union', Committee Hansard, 1 May 2017, p. 11.

[46]      Lovells Springs, Submission 20, p. 2.

[47]      Lovells Springs, Submission 20, p. 1.

[48]      Mr Simon Crane, Lovells Springs, Committee Hansard, 1 May 2017, p. 25.

[49]      Lovells Springs, Submission 20, p. 2.

[50]      Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Submission 14, p. 9.

[51]      Australian Manufacturing Workers' Union, Submission 11, p. 10.

[52]      Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Submission 14, p. 11.

[53]      Mr Darren Mitchell, Submission 4, p. 1.

[54]      Mr Glenn Thompson, Australian Manufacturing Workers' Union, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 9.

[55]      UGL, Case Study: Oscar Stage 3 Electric Multiple Units for RailCorp, p. 2, https://uglcdn.ugllimited.com/Asset/cms/Case_Study/Rail/Passenger/Oscar_PassRail_CaseStudy_V2_WEB.pdf,(accessed 22 September 2017).

[56]      Mr Phillip Walters, Australian Manufacturing Workers' Union, Committee Hansard, 1 May 2017, p. 10.

[57]      UGL, Outer Suburban Rail Car (OSCAR), https://www.ugllimited.com/double-deck-electric-multiple-unit (accessed 22 September 2017).

[58]      Mr Simon Crane, Lovells Springs, Committee Hansard, 1 May 2017, p. 24.

[59]      Lovells Springs, Submission 20, p. 3.

[60]      Mr Glenn Thompson, Australian Manufacturing Workers' Union, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 18.

[61]      Victorian Government, Submission 19, p. 4.

[62]      Ms Wendy McMillan, Transport for Victoria, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 25.

[63]      Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, Bigger trains for a better Melbourne. Jobs and Investment Fact Sheet, Victorian Government, May 2017, http://economicdevelopment.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/1479136/HCMT-Project-jobs-and-investment-fact-sheet.pdf (accessed 26 September 2017).

[64]      Dr Stuart Thomson, Rail Manufacturing CRC, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 7.

[65]      Mr Daniel Broad, Australasian Railway Association, Committee Hansard, 30 August 2017, p. 8.

[66]      Mr Daniel Broad, Australasian Railway Association, Committee Hansard, 30 August 2017, p. 8.

[67]      Dr Stuart Thomson, Rail Manufacturing CRC, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 7.

[68]      Australasian Railway Association, Rail: Growing the Australian Economy. Six platforms to stimulate growth in the Australian rail industry, November 2014, Executive Summary, https://ara.net.au/sites/default/files/pdf/6-Platforms-full-report-WEB.pdf (accessed 22 September 2017).

[69]      Australasian Railway Association, Rail: Growing the Australian Economy. Six platforms to stimulate growth in the Australian rail industry, November 2014, p. 3.

[70]      Rail Manufacturing CRC, Submission 9, p. 3.

[71]      Rail Manufacturing CRC, Submission 9, p. 4.

[72]      Rail Manufacturing CRC, Submission 9, p. 3.

[73]      Rail Manufacturing CRC, Submission 9, p. 3.

[74]      TAFE NSW, Infrastructure Skills Centre, https://www.tafensw.edu.au/industry/infrastructure-skills-centres (accessed 27 September 2017).

[75]      TAFE NSW, Infrastructure Skills Centre, https://www.tafensw.edu.au/industry/infrastructure-skills-centres (accessed 27 September 2017).

[76]      Rail Manufacturing CRC, Submission 9, p. 6.

[77]      Rail Manufacturing CRC, Submission 9, p. 7.

[78]      Siemens Acquires Perth Based MRX Technologies, Press Release, 26 June 2017, http://corporate.siemens.com.au/en/home/news-centre/press-releases/siemens-acquires-perth-based-mrx-technologies.html (accessed 26 September 2017).

[79]      Siemens Ltd, Additional Information provided on 12 September 2017, pp 2–3.

Chapter 4 - Future of the industry

[1]        See, for example Mr John Austen, Submission 1, Rail Industry Safety and Standards Board, Submission 6, CBH Group, Submission 8, Australian Manufacturing Workers' Union, Submission 11 and Queensland Department of Transport and Main Roads, Submission 15.

[2]        Cooperative Bulk Handling Group, Submission 8, [p. 4].

[3]        Cooperative Bulk Handling Group, Submission 8, [p. 4].

[4]        Australasian Railway Association, The true value of rail, 31 August 2011, p. i.

[5]        The following section is based on information contained in Australasian Railway Association, The true value of rail, 31 August 2011, pp ii-iii.

[6]        According to the Productivity Commission, Road and Rail Freight Infrastructure Pricing, 2006 and the National Transport Commission Review Steering Committee, Review of the National Transport Commission, 2009.

[7]        Australasian Railway Association, The true value of rail, 31 August 2011, p. iii.

[8]        Australian Rail Track Corporation , Submission 18, p. 4.

[9]        Australian Rail Track Corporation , Submission 18, p. 5.

[10]      Australian Rail Track Corporation , Submission 18, p. 5.

[11]      See for example, Rail Manufacturing CRC, Submission 9, p. 5, Australasian Railway Association, Submission 7, The Australia Institute, Centre for Future Work, Submission 10 and Australian Workers' Union, Submission 12.

[12]      Rail Manufacturing CRC, Submission 9, p. 3.

[13]      Rail Manufacturing CRC, Submission 9, p. 3.

[14]      Rail Manufacturing CRC, Submission 9, p. 3.

[15]      Rail Manufacturing CRC, Submission 9, p. 3.

[16]      Rail Manufacturing CRC, Submission 9, p. 1.

[17]      Rail Manufacturing CRC, Submission 9, p. 6.

[18]      Rail Manufacturing CRC, Submission 9, p. 6.

[19]      Rail Manufacturing CRC, Submission 9, p. 7.

[20]      Rail Manufacturing CRC, Submission 9, p. 8.

[21]      Rail Manufacturing CRC, Submission 9, p. 8

[22]      Rail Manufacturing CRC, Submission 9, p. 6.

[23]      Australian Rail Track Corporation, Submission 18, p. 5.

[24]      Australian Rail Track Corporation, Submission 18, p. 5.

[25]      Australian Rail Track Corporation, Submission 18, p. 5.

[26]      Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Submission 14, p. 9.

[27]      See, for example, Mr Shaun Goss, Submission 3, [p. 1], Mr Darren Mitchell, Submission 4, [p. 1], Mr Phillip Walters, Submission 5, Rail Industry Safety and Standards Board, Submission 6, Australasian Railway Association, Submission 7, Rail Manufacturing CRC, Submission 9, and Australian Workers' Union, Submission 12.

[28]      Rail Manufacturing CRC, Submission 9, p. 7.

[29]      Rail Manufacturing CRC, Submission 9, p. 1.

[30]      The Taig Review: TTAC Limited, Review of the Rail Industry Safety and Standards Board and its MOU with the Governments, June 2012, p. 15.

[31]      The Taig Review: TTAC Limited, Review of the Rail Industry Safety and Standards Board and its MOU with the Governments, June 2012, p. 16.

[32]      The Taig Review: TTAC Limited, Review of the Rail Industry Safety and Standards Board and its MOU with the Governments, June 2012, p. 16.

[33]      Australasian Railway Association, A National Rail Industry Plan for the Benefit of Australia, September 2017, p. 8.

[34]      Australasian Railway Association, A National Rail Industry Plan for the Benefit of Australia, September 2017, p. 8.

[35]      Rail Manufacturing CRC, Submission 9, p. 7.

[36]      Australian Manufacturing Workers' Union, Submission 11, p. 20.

[37]      Australian Manufacturing Workers' Union, Submission 11, p. 20.

[38]      See, for example, Mr Shaun Goss, Submission 3, [p. 1], Mr Darren Mitchell, Submission 4, [p. 1], Mr Phillip Walters, Submission 5, Rail Industry Safety and Standards Board, Submission 6, Australasian Railway Association, Submission 7, Rail Manufacturing CRC, Submission 9, and Australian Workers' Union, Submission 12.

[39]      Rail Manufacturing CRC, Submission 9, p. 8.

[40]      Rail Manufacturing CRC, Submission 9, p. 8.

[41]      The Australia Institute, Centre for Future Work, Submission 10, p. 3.

[42]      The Australia Institute, Centre for Future Work, Submission 10, p. 14.

[43]      The Australia Institute, Centre for Future Work, Submission 10, p. 16.

[44]      The Australia Institute, Centre for Future Work, Submission 10, p. 16.

[45]      Mr Paul Daly, Rail Industry Safety and Standards Board, Committee Hansard, 30 August 2017, p. 4.

[46]      Mr Paul Daly, Rail Industry Safety and Standards Board, Committee Hansard, 30 August 2017, p. 4.

[47]      Mr Paul Daly, Rail Industry Safety and Standards Board, Committee Hansard, 30 August 2017, p. 4.

[48]      Mr Paul Daly, Rail Industry Safety and Standards Board, Committee Hansard, 30 August 2017, p. 4.

[49]      See, for example Rail Manufacturing CRC, Submission 9, p. 5,  and Department of Industry, Innovation and Science, On Track to 2040: Preparing the Australian rail supply sector for challenges and growth, 2012.

[50]      Rail Manufacturing CRC, Submission 9, p. 5.

[51]      See for example, Australian Manufacturing Workers' Union, Submission 11, Victorian Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, Submission 19, The Australia Institute, Centre for Future Work, Submission 10 and Queensland Department of Transport and Main Roads, Submission 15.

[52]      Australasian Railway Association, Opportunities for Greater Passenger Rolling Stock Procurement Efficiency, September 2013, p. 3.

[53]      Mr Phillip Walters, Submission 5, [p. 1].

[54]      Mr Phillip Walters, Submission 5, [p. 1].

[55]      Rail Manufacturing CRC, Submission 9, p. 6.

[56]      Australasian Railway Association, Opportunities for Greater Passenger Rolling Stock Procurement Efficiency, September 2013, p. 4.

[57]      Australasian Railway Association, Opportunities for Greater Passenger Rolling Stock Procurement Efficiency, September 2013, p. 4.

[58]      Australasian Railway Association, Opportunities for Greater Passenger Rolling Stock Procurement Efficiency, September 2013, p. 3. See also, Rail Manufacturing CRC, Submission 9, p. 2.

[59]      Australasian Railway Association, Opportunities for Greater Passenger Rolling Stock Procurement Efficiency, September 2013, p. 4.

[60]      Rail Manufacturing CRC, Submission 9, p. 2.

[61]      Australasian Railway Association, A National Rail Industry Plan for the Benefit of Australia, September 2017.

[62]      Australasian Railway Association, A National Rail Industry Plan for the Benefit of Australia, September 2017.

[63]      Australasian Railway Association, A National Rail Industry Plan for the Benefit of Australia, September 2017.

[64]      Australasian Railway Association, A National Rail Industry Plan for the Benefit of Australia, September 2017. See also, Australasian Railway Association, Submission 7, Australian Manufacturing Workers' Union, Submission 11 and Australian Workers' Union, Submission 12.

[65]      See, for example, Mr Andrew Peach, Submission 1 [p. 1] and Mr Shaun Goss, Submission 3 [p. 1].

[66]      2011 Deloitte Access report, cited in Victorian Government, Submission 19, p. 3.

[67]      Victorian Government, Submission 19, pp 3-4.

[68]      Victorian Government, Submission 19, p. 4.

[69]      Victorian Government, Submission 19, p. 4.

[70]      Ms Wendy McMillan, Transport for Victoria, Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 20.

[71]      Ms Wendy McMillan, Transport for Victoria, Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 20.

[72]      Victorian Government, Submission 19, p. 7.

[73]      Victorian Government, Submission 19, p. 7.

[74]      Victorian Government, Submission 19, p. 7.

[75]      Website: https://www.railskillscentre.com.au/index.php?page=Abt-Us, accessed 9 October 2017.

[76]      Website: https://www.railskillscentre.com.au/index.php?page=Abt-Us, accessed 9 October 2017.

[77]      Rail Manufacturing CRC, Submission 9, p. 3.

[78]      Mr Darren Mitchell, Submission 4, [p. 1].

[79]      Mr Shaun Goss, Submission 3, [p. 1].

[80]      The following section is based on information contained in Australasian Railway Association, A National Rail Industry Plan for the Benefit of Australia, September 2017, pp 10-16.

[81]      Australasian Railway Association, A National Rail Industry Plan for the Benefit of Australia, September 2017, p. 7.

[82]      Australasian Railway Association, A National Rail Industry Plan for the Benefit of Australia, September 2017, p. 7.

[83]      Australasian Railway Association, A National Rail Industry Plan for the Benefit of Australia, September 2017, p. 7.

[84]      Australasian Railway Association, A National Rail Industry Plan for the Benefit of Australia, September 2017, p. 8.

[85]      Australasian Railway Association, A National Rail Industry Plan for the Benefit of Australia, September 2017, p. 9.

[86]      Australasian Railway Association, A National Rail Industry Plan for the Benefit of Australia, September 2017, p. 9.

[87]      Australasian Railway Association, A National Rail Industry Plan for the Benefit of Australia, September 2017, pp 11-15.

[88]      Australasian Railway Association, A National Rail Industry Plan for the Benefit of Australia, September 2017, p. 16.

[89]      Australasian Railway Association, A National Rail Industry Plan for the Benefit of Australia, September 2017, p. 7.

Chapter 5 - Committee view and recommendations

[1]        Australasian Railway Association, Submission 7, p. 7.

[2]        Lovells Springs, Submission 20, p. 2.