Footnotes

Chapter 1 - Introduction

[1]        Journals of the Senate, 6 March 2014, p. 576.

[2]        Selection of Bills Committee, Report No. 2 of 2014, 6 March 2014, Appendix 13.

[3]        Journals of the Senate, 6 March 2014, p. 561.

[4]        Explanatory Memorandum, p. 2.

[5]        Second reading speech, Senate Hansard, 5 March 2014, p. 902.

Chapter 2 - Issues

[1]        Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 'Frequently Asked Questions on Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS)', https://www.dfat.gov.au/fta/isds-faq.html.

[2]        Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 'Frequently Asked Questions on Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS)', https://www.dfat.gov.au/fta/isds-faq.html.

[3]        Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 'Frequently Asked Questions on Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS)', https://www.dfat.gov.au/fta/isds-faq.html.

[4]        Foreign Affairs Defence and Trade References Committee, Voting on Trade: The General Agreement on Trade in Services and an Australia –US Free Trade Agreement, November 2003, p.134,  https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate/Foreign_Affairs_Defence_and_Trade/Completed%20inquiries/2002-04/gats/report/index

[5]        Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Government response to the report of the Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade References–Voting on trade: The General Agreement on Trade in Services and an Australia-US Free Trade Agreement, p. [12], https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate/Foreign_Affairs_Defence_and_Trade/Completed%20inquiries/2002-04/gats/index

[6]        Productivity Commission, Bilateral and Regional Trade Agreements, November 2010, http://www.pc.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0010/104203/trade-agreements-report.pdf

[7]        Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Gillard Government Trade Policy Statement: Trading our way to more jobs and prosperity, April 2011, p.14,  http://www.acci.asn.au/getattachment/b9d3cfae-fc0c-4c2a-a3df-3f58228daf6d/Gillard-Government-Trade-Policy-Statement.aspx.

[8]        Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 'Frequently Asked Questions on Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS)', https://www.dfat.gov.au/fta/isds-faq.html.

[9]        Attorney-General's Department, 'Tobacco plain packaging—investor-state arbitration', http://www.ag.gov.au/Internationalrelations/InternationalLaw/Pages/Tobaccoplainpackaging.aspx

[10]      Attorney-General's Department, 'Tobacco plain packaging—investor-state arbitration', http://www.ag.gov.au/Internationalrelations/InternationalLaw/Pages/Tobaccoplainpackaging.aspx

[11]      Australian Fair Trade and Investment Network (AFTINET), Submission 105, p. 7.

[12]      Dr Patricia Ranald, Australian Fair Trade and Investment Network (AFTINET), Committee Hansard, 6 August 2014, p. 29.

[13]      Dr Matthew Rimmer, Committee Hansard, 6 August 2014,  p. 7.

[14]      Dr Matthew Rimmer, Committee Hansard, 6 August 2014,  p. 7.

[15]      New South Wales Teachers Federation, Submission 42, pp. 2–4.

[16]      See for example: Professor Thomas Faunce, Australian National University, Submission 49, pp. 22–27; New South Wales Nurses and Midwives' Association, Submission 67, p. 2; Médicins Sans Frontières, Submission 89, pp. 3–5.

[17]      Mr Terry Mason, Indigenous Policy Committee, National Tertiary Education Union, Submission 103, p. 1.

[18]      See for example: 350.org, Submission 75, pp. [3–5]; Safe Climate Brisbane, Submission 96, p. [2].

[19]      See for example: New South Wales Nurses and Midwives' Association, Submission 67, p. 3; Australian Medical Students' Association, Submission 80, p. 2; Public Health Association of Australia (PHAA), Submission 91, pp. 4–5

[20]      Mrs Tracey Tipping, Eternal Source PTY LTD, Committee Hansard, 6 August 2014, pp.1–2; GM Free Australia Alliance Inc also raised concerns regarding GMOs, Submission 29, p. [2].

[21]      Mrs Tracey Tipping, Eternal Source PTY LTD, Committee Hansard, 6 August 2014, p. 2.

[22]      Australian Fair Trade and Investment Network (AFTINET), Submission 105, p. 4.

[23]      Dr Kyla Tienhaara, RegNet/College of Asia and the Pacific, Australian National University, Submission 86, p. 20.

[24]      Associate Professor Kimberlee Weatherill, Committee Hansard, 6 August 2014, p. 28.

[25]      Dr Sam Luttrell and Dr Romesh Weeramantry, Submission 106, p. 6.

[26]      Professor Luke Nottage, Committee Hansard, 6 August 2014, p. 28.

[27]      Associate Professor Kimberlee Weatherall, Sydney Law School, University of Sydney, Submission 88, p. 6.

[28]      Professor Emerita Dorothy Broom AM, Submission 35, p. [3].

[29]      National Tertiary Education Union, Submission 129, pp. 9–10.

[30]      Associate Professor Kimberlee Weatherall, Committee Hansard, 6 August 2014, p. 23.

[31]      Associate Professor Kimberlee Weatherall, Committee Hansard, 6 August 2014, p. 24.

[32]      Associate Professor Kimberlee Weatherall, Sydney Law School, University of Sydney, Submission 88, p. 7.

[33]      Professor Luke Nottage, Sydney Law School, University of Sydney, Submission 21, p. 5.

[34]      Professor Luke Nottage, Committee Hansard, 6 August 2014, p. 27.

[35]      Associate Professor Kimberlee Weatherall, Sydney Law School, University of Sydney, Submission 88, p. 7.

[36]      Mr Richard Braddock, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Committee Hansard, 6 August 2014, p. 45.

[37]      AID/WATCH, Submission 107, p. 1; see also Dr Kyla Tienhaara, RegNet/College of Asia and the Pacific, Australian National University, Submission 86, p. 27.

[38]      Dr Kyla Tienhaara, RegNet/College of Asia and the Pacific, Australian National University, Submission 86, p. 27.

[39]      Professor Luke Nottage, Sydney Law School, University of Sydney, Submission 21, p. 2.

[40]      Dr Hazel Moir, Adjunct Associate Professor, Research School of Social Sciences, Australian National University, Submission 56, p. 2.

[41]      Dr Kyla Tienhaara, RegNet/College of Asia and the Pacific, Australian National University, Submission 86, p. 7.

[42]      Professor Luke Nottage, Committee Hansard, 6 August 2014, p. 28.

[43]      See for example; Lock the Gate Alliance, Submission 133, p. 4.

[44]      National Tertiary Education Union, Submission 129, p. 9.

[45]      The Australia Institute, Submission 79, p. 5.

[46]      Mr Andrew Percival, Law Council of Australia, Committee Hansard, 6 August 2014, p. 34.

[47]      Dr Patricia Ranald, AFTINET, Committee Hansard, 6 August 2014, p. 32.

[48]      See for example: IndutriALL Global Union, Submission 20, p. 2; Centre for Health Equity Training, Research and Evaluation (CHETRE), Submission 66, p. 4. Australian Council of Trade Unions, Submission 81, p. 10.

[49]      See for example: IndutriALL Global Union, Submission 20, p. 2; Australian Council of Trade Unions, Submission 81, pp. 9–10.

[50]      Professor Luke Nottage, Sydney Law School, University of Sydney, Submission 21, p. 3.

[51]      Professor Luke Nottage, Committee Hansard, 6 August 2014, p. 20.

[52]      Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Submission 135, p. 1.

[53]      Dr Sam Luttrell and Dr Romesh Weeramantry, Submission 106, pp. 2–3.

[54]      Mr Chris De Cure, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Committee Hansard, 6 August 2014, p. 45.

[55]      Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Submission 105, p. 5.

[56]      Australian Dental Industry Association , Submission 122, p. 3.

[57]      Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Submission 135, p. 2.

[58]      Mr Chris De Cure, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Committee Hansard, 6 August 2014, p. 42.

[59]      Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Submission 135, p. 2.

[60]      Professor Luke Nottage, Sydney Law School, University of Sydney, Submission 21, p. 5.

[61]      Professor Luke Nottage, Committee Hansard, 6 August 2014, p. 20.

[62]      Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Submission 135, p. 2.

[63]      Mr Chris De Cure, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Committee Hansard, 6 August 2014, p. 49.

[64]      Mr Andrew Percival, Law Council of Australia, Committee Hansard, 6 August 2014, p. 35.

[65]      Professor Luke Nottage, Sydney Law School, University of Sydney, Submission 21, pp.1–2.

[66]      Law Council of Australia, Submission 90, pp. 1–2.

[67]      Professor Luke Nottage, Sydney Law School, University of Sydney, Submission 21, p. 5.

Labor Senators' Additional Comments

[1]        Huang 2005, study analysing results of the World Business Environment Survey (10 000 business responses from 80 countries).

[2]        Ibid, at p.271.

[3]        Trakman, Nottage, Kurtz and Armstrong, “Investor-state Dispute Settlement”, ARC Discovery Project 2014-2016.  Project summary:  “This project will evaluate the economic and legal risks associated with the Australian Government's current policy on investor-state dispute settlement through multidisciplinary research, namely econometric modeling, empirical research through stakeholder surveys and interviews, as well as critical analysis of case law, treaties and regulatory approaches. The aim of this project is to identify optimal methods of investor-state dispute prevention, avoidance and resolution that efficiently cater to inbound and outbound investors as well as Australia as a whole. The goal is to promote a positive climate for investment inflows and outflows, while maintaining Australia's ability to take sovereign decisions on matters of public policy.”  http://www.law.unimelb.edu.au/research/research-achievements/grants-awarded/australian-research-council-arc/arc-discovery-projects/leon-trakman-luke-nottage-j-rgen-kurtz-and-shiro-armstrong-arc-discovery-project

[4]        Australian Productivity Commission, Australia's bilateral and regional trade agreements,  at pp xxxvi and xxxviii; also see chapter 14 of the report.

Key Findings:  (a) There does not appear to be an underlying economic problem that necessitates the inclusion of ISDS provisions within agreements. Available evidence does not suggest that ISDS provisions have a significant impact on investment flows.  (b)  Experience in other countries demonstrates that there are considerable policy and financial risks arising from ISDS provisions.

Recommendations:  That Australian Governments should seek to avoid the inclusion of investor-state dispute settlement provisions in BRTAs that grant foreign investors in Australia substantive or procedural rights greater than those enjoyed by Australian investors.

[5]        UNCTAD IIA Issues Note No.2, June 2013, “Reform of Investor-State Dispute Settlement: In search of a Roadmap.”

Dissenting Report by the Australian Greens

[1]        United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, Recent Developments in Investor State Dispute Settlement, No 1., April 2014. http://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/webdiaepcb2014d3_en.pdf

[2]        Paul Krugman, ‘No Big Deal’, The New York Times, February 27 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/28/opinion/krugman-no-big-deal.html?hp&rref=opinion&_r=1

[3]        ‘Statement of Concern about Planned Provisions on Investment Protection and Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) in the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP)’ https://www.kent.ac.uk/law/isds_treaty_consultation.html, Accessed on 4 August 2014. 

[4]        AID/WATCH, Submission 107, p. 2.

[5]        Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade Legislation Committee, Trade and Foreign Investment (Protecting the Public Interest) Bill 2014,August 2014, paragraph 2.59, p. 17.

[6]        Andrew Robb, Interview with Linda Mottram, 702 ABC Sydney, February 19 2014. http://www.andrewrobb.com.au/Goldstein/LocalIssues/tabid/123/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/1602/INTERVIEW-WITH-LINDA-MOTTRAM--702-ABC-SYDNEY.aspx

[7]        Professor Luke Nottage, Sydney Law School, University of Sydney, Committee Hansard, 6 August 2014, p. 22. 

[8]        Mr Richard John Braddock, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Committee Hansard, 6 August 2014, p. 46.

[9]        Associate Professor Kimberlee Weatherall, Sydney Law School, University of Sydney, Response to Questions on Notice - public hearing - 6 August 2014, Canberra, p. 4.

[10]      Chief Justice French, 'Investor-State Dispute Settlement – A Cut Above the Courts?'. Supreme and Federal Courts Judges' Conference, Darwin, 9 July 2014. p. 15.

[11]      Dr Patricia Ranald, AFTINET, Committee Hansard, 6 August 2014, p. 31. 

[12]      Dr Kyla Tienhaara, RegNet/College of Asia and the Pacific, Australian National University, Committee Hansard, 6 August 2014, p. 16.

[13]      Productivity Commission, Bilateral and Regional Trade Agreements, November 2010, p. 271.

[14]      Mr De Cure, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Committee Hansard, 6 August 2014, p.42.