Footnotes

Executive summary

[1]        A term used by Ian Kemish, 'PNG is changing and we need to keep up', Debate: The Embarrassed Colonialist, Lowy Interpreter, 23 February 2016. 

[2]        YWAM Medical Ships, 'YWAM's Medical Ships half way through successful outreach', Media release, 19 April 2016.

Chapter 1 - Introduction

[1]        Journals of the Senate, 4 December 2014, p. 1987.

[2]        Journals of the Senate, 23 November 2015, p. 3419; Journals of the Senate, 22 February 2016, p. 3749.

Chapter 2 - Background

[1]        UNDP, Human Development Report 1994, p. 94.

[2]        Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Aid Program Performance Report 2014-15 – Papua New Guinea, November 2015, p. 4.

[3]        For example, Mr Mat Kimberley, DFAT, Committee Hansard, 27 November 2015, p. 20.

[4]        Papua New Guinea Vision 2050, p. 74.

[5]        Review of the PNG-Australian Development Cooperation Treaty (1999), 19 April 2010, p. 15. 

[6]        Submission 42, p. 13.

[7]        DFAT, Australian Aid Budget Summary 2016-17, May 2016, p. 11. In 2015-16 and 2016-17, PNG's allocation includes $49.4 million per annum under the Joint Understanding between Australian and PNG on Further Bilateral Cooperation on Health, Educations and Law and Order (Joint Understanding).

[8]        DFAT, Submission 26, p. 5. Mr Mat Kimberley, DFAT, Committee Hansard, 27 November 2015, p. 18.

[9]        DFAT, Aid Program Performance Report 2013-14, Papua New Guinea, September 2015, p. 2.

[10]      DFAT, Performance of Australian Aid 2013-14, February 2015, p. 23.

[11]      Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade References Committee, Australia's overseas aid and development assistance program, March 2014, pp 93-99.

[12]      RM Bourke et al, 'Estimated impact of drought and frost on food supply in rural PNG in 2015',  Development Policy Centre, Policy Brief 11, January 2016, p. 4.

[13]      The Hon Julie Bishop MP, Foreign Minister, 'Supporting Drought Efforts Across the Pacific', Media Release, 7 November 2015.

[14]      PNG Government, Final Budget Outcome 2015, p. 4.

[15]      Submission 26, supplementary submission 1, p. 1.

[16]      Paul Flanagan, 'PNG's frightening Final Budget Outcome', Devpolicy Blog, 4 April 2016, available at: http://devpolicy.org/pngs-frightening-final-budget-outcome-20160404/ (accessed 21 April 2016).

[17]      Jonathan Pryke, 'Papua New Guinea's new economic reality', Lowy Interpreter, 20 April 2016, available at http://www.lowyinterpreter.org/post/2016/04/20/Papua-New-Guineas-new-economic-reality.aspx (accessed 21 April 2016).

[18]      PNG Government, 2016 National Budget, Volume 1: Economic Development Policies, p. 12.

 Chapter 3 - Objectives and delivery issues

[1]        Foreign Affairs and Trade, Portfolio Budget Statements 2015-16, p. 18.

[2]        DFAT, Aid Investment Plan: PNG 2015-16 to 2017-18, 2015, p. 3.

[3]        'The Alotau Accord – 2012 Summary of O’Neill Government Priorities', July 2012.

[4]        PNG Government, Medium Term Development Plan 2 2016-2017, p. 47.

[5]        Submission 16, p. 1.

[6]        Submission 22, p. 8.

[7]        Submission 32, p. 3.

[8]        Submission 32, p. 4.

[9]        Submission 22, p. 11.

[10]      Submission 28, p. 2.

[11]      Submission 1, p. 4.

[12]      Submission 1, p. 2.

[13]      Submission 14, p. 2.

[14]      Submission 10, p. 2.

[15]      DFAT, Submission 26, p. 1.

[16]      Submission 43, p. 3.

[17]      OECD DAC, Submission 6, p. 2.

[18]      Submission 41, pp, 6, 25.

[19]      Submission 14, p. 2.

[20]      Department of Defence, Defence White Paper 2016, p. 127.

[21]      Submission 17, p. 2.

[22]      Review of the PNG-Australia Development Cooperation Treaty, April 2010, p. 2.

[23]      Submission 17, pp 3-4.

[24]      Submission 22, p. 4.

[25]      Submission 22, pp 4-5.

[26]      Committee Hansard, 27 November 2015, p. 30.

[27]      DFAT, 'Global development: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development', available at http://dfat.gov.au/aid/topics/development-issues/global-development-agenda/Pages/global-development-agenda.aspx (accessed 3 May 2016).

[28]      Submission 10, p. 3; Submission 38, p. 2.

[29]      Submission 20, p. 2.

[30]      Submission 41, p. 9.

[31]      Submission 26, p. 50.

[32]      Submission 26, p. 50.

[33]      Submission 22, p. 18.

[34]      Submission 32, pp 5-6.

[35]      Submission 41, p. 19.

[36]      Submission 41, p. 20.

[37]      Submission 23, p. 2.

[38]      Submission 23, p. 3.

[39]      Submission 23, p. 2.

[40]      Submission 8, p. 9.

[41]      Committee Hansard, 21 September 2015, p. 17.

[42]      Submission 28, p. 8.

[43]      Submission 42, p. 36.

[44]      Submission 28, pp 5-6. 

[45]      Submission 24, p. 3.

[46]      Submission 24, p. 4.

[47]      DFAT, response to question on notice from hearing on 27 November 2015.

[48]      Submission 26, supplementary submission 2, p. 1.

[49]      Committee Hansard, 27 November 2015, pp 19, 28.

[50]      'PNG removes foreign advisers with 15 Australian Government aid positions targeted', ABC News, 6 January 2016, available at: http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-01-06/png-removes-foreign-advisers/7070344 (accessed 11 February 2016).

[51]      Submission 1, p. 4.

[52]      Submission 1, p. 4.

[53]      Submission 43, p. 9.

[54]      Submission 6, p. 5.

[55]      Submission 23, p. 5.

[56]      Submission 22, p. 7.

[57]      Submission 32, pp 5-6.

[58]      Committee Hansard, 22 September 2015, p. 8.

[59]      Submission 42, pp 24-25.

[60]      Submission 8, p. 10.

[61]      Committee Hansard, 21 September 2015, p. 22.

[62]      Submission 18, p. 6.

[63]      Submission 41, p. 10.

[64]      Submission 14, p. 1.

[65]      The Hon Julie Bishop MP, Foreign Minister, 'Australia, China and PNG Working Together to Tackle Malaria', Media release, 8 November 2015.

[66]      Submission 26, p. 37.

[67]      Submission 26, p. 37.

[68]      DFAT, A new direction for Australian aid in PNG, 2014, p. 6.

[69]      DFAT, Aid Investment Plan – PNG 2015-16 to 2017-18, 2015, pp 8-9. 

[70]      Submission 5, p. 14.

[71]      Submission 17, p. 4.

[72]      Karl Claxton and Peter Jennings,'A stitch in time: preserving peace on Bougainville', APSI Special Report, November 2013, p. 9.

[73]      Submission 13, p. 7.

[74]      Submission 23, p. 5.

[75]      Submission 34, p. 3.

[76]      Foreign Affairs and Trade, Portfolio Budget Statements 2015-16, p. 19.

[77]      Address by the Hon Peter O'Neill MP, Prime Minister of PNG, 14 May 2015,  http://auspng.lowyinstitute.org/publications/address-hon-peter-oneill-cmg-mp-prime-minister-papua-new-guinea (accessed 4 May 2016).

[78]      Committee Hansard, 27 November 2015, p. 2.

[79]      Committee Hansard, 22 September 2015, p. 34.

[80]      Submission 42, p. 29.

[81]      Submission 26, p. 38. See also DFAT, Economic and Development Benefits to PNG of the Regional Resettlement Arrangement, as at 8 September 2015, pp 1-2.

[82]      Submission 22, p. 11.

[83]      Submission 16, p. 8.

[84]      Submission 41, p. 8.

[85]      Eric Tlozek and Stephanie Anderson, 'PNG's Supreme Court rules detention of asylum seekers on Manus Island is illegal', ABC News, 27 April 2016, available at http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-04-26/png-court-rules-asylum-seeker-detention-manus-island-illegal/7360078 (accessed 27 April 2016); Stephanie Anderson, 'Manus Island detention centre to be shut, Papua New Guinea Prime Minister Peter O'Neill says', ABC News, 28 April 2016, available at http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-04-27/png-pm-oneill-to-shut-manus-island-detention-centre/7364414 (accessed 28 April 2016).

[86]      Committee Hansard, 21 September 2015, p. 9.

[87]      Submission 19, p. 8.

[88]      Committee Hansard, 21 September 2015, p. 8.

[89]      Submission 47, p. 10.

[90]      Submission 3, p. 2.

[91]      Submission 22, p. 10.

[92]      OECD DAC, Development aid in 2015 continues to grow despite costs for in-donor refugees, 13 April 2016, pp 2, 6.

[93]      Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade References Committee, Australia's overseas aid and development assistance program, March 2014, pp 94-95.

[94]      UK Department for International Development, Provisional UK ODA as a proportion of GNI 2015, p. 4 (depending on methodology used).

[95]      Stephen Howes and Johnathan Pryke, 'Biggest aid cuts ever produce our least generous aid budget ever', DevPolicy Blog, 15 December 2014, available at: http://devpolicy.org/biggest-aid-cuts-ever-produce-our-least-generous-aid-budget-ever-20141215-2/.

[96]      DFAT, Aid Investment Plan: Papua New Guinea 2015-16 to 2017-18, p. 3. 

[97]      Stephen Howes et al, A Lost Decade: Service Delivery and Reforms in PNG 2002-2012, October 2014, p. xiii.

[98]      PNG Office of the Prime Minister, 'PM O'Neill: Manus Regional Processing Centre will close', Media Release, 27 April 2016.

[99]      OECD DAC, Submission 6, p. 2.

[100]    World Food Programme, Submission 2, p. 1.

[101]    PNG-Australian Aid Partnership Arrangement 2016-17, p. 6.

Chapter 4 - Improving progress

[1]        Committee Hansard, 27 November 2015, p. 19.

[2]        DFAT, Aid Investment Plan: PNG 2015-16 to 2017-18, p. 9.

[3]        Submission 42, p. 20, 26.

[4]        DFAT, Aid Program Performance Report 2014-15: PNG, November 2015, p. 13

[5]        Submission 28, p. 2.

[6]        Submission 43, pp 5-6.

[7]        Committee Hansard, 27 November 2015, p. 3.

[8]        PNG Auditor-General Office of PNG, District Services Improvement Program, Report 3, February 2014, p. 12.

[9]        Submission 26, p. 6.

[10]      Committee Hansard, 27 November 2015, p. 18.

[11]      Foreign Affairs and Trade, Portfolio Budget Statements 2015-16, p. 15.

[12]      The Hon Julie Bishop MP, Foreign Minister, 'Papua New Guinea: Pacific Leadership and Governance Precinct launch', Media release, 6 November 2015.

[13]      Mr Mat Kimberley, DFAT, Committee Hansard, 27 November 2015, pp 19, 27.

[14]      DFAT, 'Pacific Leadership and Governance Precinct', tabled on 27 November 2015.

[15]      Submission 26, p. 30.

[16]      Submission 43, p. 4.

[17]      Submission 41, p. 17.

[18]      Submission 32, p. 9.

[19]      Submission 28, p. 4.

[20]      Submission 28, p. 4.

[21]      Submission 28, p. 7.

[22]      Submission 41, p. 20.

[23]      Submission 32, p. 9.

[24]      Submission 22, p. 2

[25]      Submission 22, p. 15.

[26]      Submission 26, pp 55-56.

[27]      Submission 10, p. 11.

[28]      Submission 41, p. 12.

[29]      Submission 41, p. 13.

[30]      Submission 32, p. 5.

[31]      Submission 21, p. 9.

[32]      Submission 21, p. 4.

[33]      Submission 10, p. 3.

[34]      Submission 26, p. 18.

[35]      Committee Hansard, 21 September 2015, p. 29.

[36]      Submission 3, p. 2.

[37]      Committee Hansard, 27 November 2015, p. 22.

[38]      Committee Hansard, 27 November 2015, p. 22.

[39]      Committee Hansard, 21 September 2015, p. 29.

[40]      DFAT, response to question on notice from hearing on 27 November 2015.

[41]      Submission 19, p. 3.

[42]      Submission 19, p. 6.

[43]      Committee Hansard, 21 September 2015, p. 32.

[44]      Committee Hansard, 21 September 2015, p. 31.

[45]      Committee Hansard, 27 November 2015, p. 22.

[46]      Submission 16, p. 5.

[47]      Submission 51, p. 13.

[48]      Submission 22, p. 14.

[49]      Submission 22, p. 14.

[50]      Submission 10, p. 3.

[51]      Submission 10, p. 12.

[52]      Submission 32, p. 5.

[53]      Committee Hansard, 27 November 2015, p. 19.

[54]      Submission 32, p. 10.

[55]      Submission 22, pp 17-18.

[56]      Committee Hansard, 21 September 2015, p. 26.

[57]      Submission 10, p. 12.

[58]      Submission 16, p. 6.

[59]      Submission 41, p. 11.

[60]      Submission 26, p. 24.

[61]      For example, Save the Children, Submission 41, p. 10.

[62]      Submission 1, p. 3.

[63]      World Bank, Submission 4, pp 13-14. 

[64]      Submission 16, p. 5.

[65]      Submission 5, p. 5.

[66]      For example, Mr O'Callaghan, Church Agencies Network, Committee Hansard, 21 September 2015, p. 21.

[67]      Submission 1, p. 3.

[68]      Committee Hansard, 22 September 2015, p. 33.

[69]      Submission 14, p. 3.

[70]      Submission 42, p. 40.

[71]      Submission 25, p. 2.

[72]      Submission 14, p. 3.

[73]      Submission 14, p. 3.

[74]      Sadaf Lakhani and Alys Willman, 'Trends in Crime and Violence in PNG', World Bank report, May 2014, p. 3.

[75]      For example, Victorian Bar, Submission 12, p.7.

[76]      Mr Mat Kimberley, DFAT, Committee Hansard, 27 November 2015, p. 21.

[77]      Submission 12, pp 4-5.

[78]      Submission 39, p. 10.

[79]      Submission 26, pp 27-28.

[80]      UNDP, 2014 National Human Development Report: Papua New Guinea, p. 3.

[81]      Submission 28, p. 2.

[82]      Submission 29, p. i.

[83]      Submission 26, p. 35.

[84]      Submission 22, pp 15-16.

[85]      Submission 24, p. 6.

[86]      Submission 36, p. 3.

[87]      Submission 16, p. 7.

[88]      Submission 22, p. 17.

[89]      Mr O'Callaghan, Church Agencies Network, Committee Hansard, 21 September 2015, p. 17.

[90]      Submission 23, p. 3.

[91]      Submission 41, p. 15.

[92]      Submission 26, p. 59.

Chapter 5 - Private sector engagement

[1]        DFAT, Aid Investment Plan: Papua New Guinea 2015-16 to 2017-18, p. 6.

[2]        Submission 26, p. 34.

[3]        24th Australia-Papua New Guinea Ministerial Forum, Joint Communique, 3 March 2016, available at http://dfat.gov.au/geo/papua-new-guinea/Pages/24th-australia-papua-new-guinea-ministerial-forum-joint-communique.aspx (accessed 5 April 2016).  

[4]        Submission 6, p. 4.

[5]        Submission 11, p. 2.

[6]        World Bank, Doing Business 2016: Measuring Regulatory Quality and Efficiency, 2016, p. 5.

[7]        Submission 11, p. 6.

[8]        Submission 5, p. 2.

[9]        Submission 1, p. 3.

[10]      Committee Hansard, 27 November 2015, p. 8.

[11]      Submission 22, p. 20.

[12]      Submission 16, p. 3.

[13]      Submission 22, p. 19.

[14]      Submission 15, p. 5.

[15]      Submission 26, p. 33.

[16]      Submission 8, p. 7.

[17]      Australian High Commission PNG, Supporting Private Sector Development in PNG: Rural Development, Markets and Trade,

[18]      Submission 14, p. 1.

[19]      DFAT, 'Papua New Guinea country brief', available at: http://dfat.gov.au/geo/papua-new-guinea/pages/papua-new-guinea-country-brief.aspx (accessed 13 September 2015).

[20]      Submission 1, p. 3.

[21]      Submission 36, pp 3-4.

[22]      Submission 8, p. 4.

[23]      ACIAR, Submission 8, p. 8.

[24]      Committee Hansard, 21 September 2015, p. 2.

[25]      Submission 11, p. 5.

[26]      Committee Hansard, 21 September 2015, p. 38.

[27]      Submission 8, p. 10.

[28]      Submission 32, p. 7.

[29]      Submission 32, p. 4.

[30]      Save the Children, Submission 41, p. 5.

[31]      Submission 4, p. 12.

[32]      Submission 26, p. 25.

[33]      Submission 26, p. 26.

[34]      Submission 4, p. 7.

[35]      Submission 42, p. 33.

[36]      World Bank, 'Migration and Remittances: Recent Developments and Outlook', Migration and Development Brief, April 2016, pp 20-21.

[37]      For example, National Research Institute, Submission 5, p. 15.

[38]      World Bank, Migration and Remittances Data, 24 September 2015.

[39]      24th Australia-Papua New Guinea Ministerial Forum - Joint Communique, 3 March 2016.

[40]      Submission 6, p. 4.

[41]      Submission 34, p. 4.

[42]      Submission 16, p. 9.

[43]      Submission 16, p. 2.

[44]      Submission 27, p. 3.

[45]      ACIAR, Position paper – ACIAR's engagement with the private sector, June 2015 p. 3.

[46]      Committee Hansard, 21 September 2015, p. 5.

[47]      Submission 22, pp 20-21.

[48]      Submission 4, p. 7.

[49]      Submission 19, p. 2.

[50]      Submission 19, pp 6-7.

[51]      Committee Hansard, 21 September 2015, p. 31.

[52]      Submission 21, p. 8.

[53]      Submission 32, p. 32.

Chapter 6 - Performance benchmarks, accountability and research

[1]        DFAT, Making Performance Count: enhancing the accountability and effectiveness of Australian aid, June 2014, pp 6-11.

[2]        DFAT, Aid Program Performance Report 2014-15, p. 3.

[3]        PNG-Australian Aid Partnership Arrangement 2016-17, p. 4.

[4]        Submission 42, p. 27.

[5]        Submission 17, p. 4.

[6]        Submission 32, p. 12.

[7]        Submission 14, p. 1.

[8]        Submission 6, p. 5.

[9]        Submission 16, p. 1.

[10]      Submission 32, p.

[11]      Submission 5, p. 13.

[12]      Submission 22, p. 21.

[13]      Submission 10, p. 3.

[14]      Submission 8, p. 18.

[15]      Submission 21, p. 5.

[16]      Submission 41, p. 3.

[17]      For example, DFAT, Implementation of Joint Understanding, March 2016 and Daniel Flitton, 'Doubts over $400 million centrepiece of Australia's Pacific Solution, Sydney Morning Herald, 18 April 2016.

[18]      Transparency International, Corruption by Country/Territory, available at https://www.transparency.org/country/%20-%20PNG#PNG_DataResearch (accessed 15 April 2016).

[19]      Transparency International PNG, Annual Report 2014, p, 7.

[20]      Submission 27, p. 3.

[21]      Submission 1, p. 5.

[22]      Submission 30, pp 1-2.

[23]      Submission 41, p. 19.

[24]      PNG-Australia Aid Partnership Arrangement 2016-17, p. 5.

[25]      Submission 41, p. 17.

[26]      Committee Hansard, 27 November 2015, p. 22.

[27]      Submission 26, p. 28.

[28]      PNG Attitude, Submission 1, p. 7.

[29]      Committee Hansard, 21 September 2015, p. 14.

[30]      Submission 32, p. 12.

[31]      Submission 18, p. 5.

[32]      Submission 10, p. 3.

[33]      Submission 24, p. 9.

[34]      Submission 8, p. 19.

[35]      Committee Hansard, 21 September 2015, p. 3.

[36]      Submission 47, p. 10.

[37]      Committee Hansard, 27 November 2015, p. 7.

[38]      Submission 26, p. 57.

[39]      SBS, Dirty Money: How corrupt PNG cash is reaching Australia, 23 June 2015, available at http://www.sbs.com.au/news/dateline/story/dirty-money-how-corrupt-png-cash-reaching-australia (accessed 18 April 2016).

[40]      DFAT, Better data for health partnership, available at https://innovationxchange.dfat.gov.au/project/better-data-health-partnership (accessed 29 April 2016)

Dissenting report by Coalition Senators

[1]        DFAT, Australia Aid Budget Summary 2016-17, May 2016, p. 11.

Additional comments by the Australian Greens

[1]        ABC, 'Factcheck: Comparing Labor and the Coalition's records on foreign aid;, available at: http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-11-12/fact-check-comparing-foreign-aid-labor-coalition/6895234 (accessed 4 May 2016).

[2]        Dr Ravi Tomar, 'The ever-shrinking aid budget', Budget Review 2015-16, Parliamentary Library, May 2015, available at https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/rp/BudgetReview201516 (accessed 4 May 2016). 

[3]        Reliefweb, ' Papua New Guinea: Drought and Frost - Aug 2015' available at http://reliefweb.int/disaster/cw-2015-000116-png-0 (accessed 4 May 2016).