Footnotes

Chapter 1 - Introduction

[1]        Journals of the Senate, 2016, pp. 3798–3799.

[2]        The remainder of the committee's Terms of Reference relate to the administration and membership of the committee's inquiry.

Chapter 2 - Corruption in Australia

[1]        Attorney-General's Department, The Commonwealth's approach to Anti-Corruption–Discussion Paper, 2011, p. 7.

[2]        Attorney-General's Department, The Commonwealth's approach to Anti-Corruption–Discussion Paper, 2011, p. 7.

[3]        Professor Adam Graycar, Submission 1, p. 4.

[4]        Attorney-General's Department, The Commonwealth's approach to Anti-Corruption–Discussion Paper, 2011, pp. 7–8.

[5]        Attorney-General's Department, The Commonwealth's approach to Anti-Corruption–Discussion Paper, 2011, p. 3.

[6]        Professor Adam Graycar, Committee Hansard, 21 April 2016, p. 17.

[7]        ANU College of Arts and Social Sciences, ANUpoll on Perceptions of Corruption 2012, October 2012, p. 11.

[8]        Transparency International, Corruption Perception Index 2015,  http://www.transparency.org/cpi2015#results-table (accessed: 26 April 2016).

[9]        Transparency International, Corruption Perception Index 2012,  http://www.transparency.org/cpi2012/results (accessed: 26 April 2016).

[10]      Transparency International Australia, A ten-point integrity plan for the Australian Government: Submission by Transparency International Australia on the Proposed National Anti-Corruption Plan, May 2012, p. 3.

[11]      The Hon. Anthony Whealy QC, Chairman, Transparency International Australia, Committee Hansard, 21 April 2016, p. 11.

[12]      ANU College of Arts and Social Sciences, ANUpoll on Perceptions of Corruption 2012, October 2012, p. 11.

[13]      ANU College of Arts and Social Sciences, ANUpoll on Perceptions of Corruption 2012, October 2012, p. 5.

[14]      ANU College of Arts and Social Sciences, ANUpoll on Perceptions of Corruption 2012, October 2012, p. 13.

[15]      Elle Crush, Submission 4, p. 1.

[16]      Mr Bob Bottom OAM, Submission 13, pp. [1–2].

[17]      The Hon. Anthony Whealy QC, Chairman, Transparency International Australia, Committee Hansard, 21 April 2016, p. 11.

[18]      Transparency International Australia, A ten-point integrity plan for the Australian Government: Submission by Transparency International Australia on the Proposed National Anti-Corruption Plan, May 2012, p. 3.

[19]      'Attorney General John Elferink announces the government will establish a Northern Territory anti-corruption body', NT News, 14 August 2015, http://www.ntnews.com.au/news/northern-territory/attorney-general-john-elferink-announces-the-government-will-establish-a-northern-territory-anticorruption-body/news-story/fe2046bc6ecb1a6e9d5c81ddbd6830e9 (accessed: 13 April 2016).

[20]      Tony Fitzgerald QC, Commission of Inquiry into Possible Illegal Activities and Associated Police Misconduct, 1989, pp. 300–301.

[21]      The Hon. Mr Greiner, Premier of New South Wales, Legislative Assembly Hansard, 26 May 1988.

[22]      The Fitzgerald Inquiry did not recommend the establishment of a NSW style ICAC in Queensland.

[23]      G Kennedy AO QC, Royal Commission into whether there has been Corrupt or Criminal Conduct by Western Australian Police Officers – Interim report, Western Australia, December 2002, p. 105.

[24]      G Kennedy AO QC, Royal Commission into whether there has been Corrupt or Criminal Conduct by Western Australian Police Officers – Interim report, Western Australia, December 2002, p. 3.

[25]      Parliamentary Joint Select Committee on Ethical Conduct, Public Office is Public Trust, Tasmania, 2009, pp. 7–8.

[26]      State Services Authority, Review of Victoria's integrity and anti-corruption system, Melbourne, 2010, p. viii.

[27]      State Services Authority, Review of Victoria's integrity and anti-corruption system, Melbourne, 2010, p. ix.

[28]      The Hon. T.R. Kenyon, Minister for Employment, Higher Education and Skills, Minister for Science and the Information Economy, Minister for Recreation and Sport, House of Assembly Hansard, 2 May 2012.

Chapter 3 - National anti-corruption framework

[1]        This chapter of the report uses the term National Anti-corruption Commission (NAC). The committee has used the term 'anti-corruption' as this aligns with Australian Government language as used in the proposed National Anti-Corruption Plan and associated discussion paper, and the Australian Federal Police's Fraud and Anti-corruption Centre. NAC can be read as National Integrity Commission without loss of meaning.

[2]        B Bottom, 'Lack of federal integrity commission a national scandal', The Australian, 29 December 2012, p. 18.

[3]        Law Council of Australia, Submission to Attorney-General's Department review of Australia's compliance with chapters three and four of the United Nations Convention Against Corruption, 2011, http://www.lawcouncil.asn.au/lawcouncil/images/LCA-PDF/docs-2400-2499/2412%20United%20Nations%20Convention%20against%20Corruption.pdf (accessed: 3 May 2016), p. 2.

[4]        Transparency International Australia, Anti-corruption agencies in Australia, position paper no. 3, January 2016, p. 2.

[5]        Accountability Round Table, The national anti-corruption plan: submission of the Accountability Round Table, 2011, p. 35.

[6]        N McKenzie and R Baker, ‘National ICAC needed to probe federal politicians, says NSW Independent Commission Against Corruption counsel Geoffrey Watson, SC’, The Sydney Morning Herald (online), 5 December 2014.

[7]        Associate Professor Gabrielle Appleby, 'What's the case for a federal ICAC?', The Drum,  10 September 2014, http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-09-10/appleby-what's-the-case-for-a-federal-icac/5733712 (accessed: 30 March 2016).

[8]        National Integrity Commissioner Bill 2010, National Integrity Commissioner Bill 2012, and the National Integrity Commission Bill 2013.

[9]        Parliamentary Joint Committee on Law Enforcement Integrity, Inquiry into the operation of the Law Enforcement Integrity Commissioner Act 2006, 2011, pp. 49–50.

[10]      'Do we really need a federal ICAC?', editorial, The Age, 11 September 2014; Professor Adam Graycar, Submission 1.

[11]      For instances, in the debate on the National Integrity Commissioner Bill 2013: Senator the Hon. Matthew Canavan, Senate Hansard, 13 August 2015, p. 5219; Senator Sue Lines, Senate Hansard, 13 August 2015, p. 5232; Senator Dean Smith, Senate Hansard, 15 May 2014, p. 2691, among others.

[12]      Professor Boyce, 'The three monkeys syndrome and possible remedies', paper presented to the Third Conference of the Samuel Griffith Society, Fremantle, 5–6 November 1993.

[13]      Ms Godwin, Merit Protection Commissioner, Australian Public Service Commission, Joint Committee on the Australian Commission for Law Enforcement Integrity Hansard, 14 August 2009, p. 22.

[14]      Ms Godwin, Merit Protection Commissioner, Australian Public Service Commission, Joint Committee on the Australian Commission for Law Enforcement Integrity Hansard, 14 August 2009, p. 22.

[15]      Mr Sedgwick, Australian Public Service Commissioner, Australian Public Service Commission, Joint Committee on the Australian Commission for Law Enforcement Integrity Hansard, 11 February 2011, pp. 2–3.

[16]      Australian Public Service Commission, State of the Service Report 2012–2013, 2013, p. 66.

[17]      Australian Public Service Commission, State of the Service Report 2013–2014, 2014, pp. 236–237.

[18]      Professor Adam Graycar, Submission 1, p. 13. Care needs to be taken in extrapolating for the Corruption Perception Index (CPI). The CPI provides a national rating. As such, Australia's high rankings may be the result of the work of state and territory efforts to tackle corruption, rather than an endorsement of a lack of corruption in any specific sphere of administration.

[19]      Ms Leanne Close, Deputy Secretary, Attorney-General's Department, Committee Hansard, 21 April 2016, p. 1.

[20]      Law Council of Australia, Submission to the House Standing Committee on Social Policy and Legal Affairs: National Integrity Commissioner Bill 2012, p. 5.

[21]      This chapter considers many of the key government agencies with an anti-corruption role, but is not an exhaustive list.

[22]      The agencies included in ACLEI's jurisdiction include: the Australian Border Force; the Australian Crime Commission; the Australian Federal Police; the Australian Transaction Reports and Analysis Centre; the CrimTrac Agency; prescribed aspects of the Department of Agriculture and Water Resources; the Department of Immigration and Border Protection; and the former National Crime Authority. Other agencies with a law enforcement function may also be added by regulation.

[23]      Attorney-General's Department, The Commonwealth's approach to Anti-Corruption–Discussion Paper, 2011, p. 5.

[24]      Ms Catherine Hawkins, First Assistant Secretary, Attorney-General's Department, Committee Hansard, 21 April 2016, p. 4.

[25]      Attorney-General's Department, The Commonwealth's approach to Anti-Corruption–Discussion Paper, 2011, p. 13.

[26]      Ms Leanne Close, Deputy Secretary, Attorney-General's Department, Committee Hansard, 21 April 2016, p. 2.

[27]      Australian Federal Police, 'Fraud and Anti-Corruption', http://www.afp.gov.au/policing/fraud/fac-business-area (accessed: 22 April 2016).

[28]      Mr Ian McCartney, Acting Deputy Commissioner, Operations, Australian Federal Police, Committee Hansard, 21 April 2016, p. 3.

[29]      Attorney-General's Department, The Commonwealth's approach to Anti-Corruption–Discussion Paper, 2011, p. 15.

[30]      Grant Hehir, A reflection of how far performance auditing has come from its roots in the 1970s to where we are today and where we are heading, IMPACT Conference, Brisbane, 15 March 2016, p. 1.

[31]      Attorney-General's Department, The Commonwealth's approach to Anti-Corruption–Discussion Paper, 2012, p. 9.

[32]      Harry Evans and Rosemary Laing, ed., Odgers' Australian Senate Practice, 13^th edition, Department of the Senate, 2012, p. 40.

[33]      Attorney-General's Department, The Commonwealth's approach to Anti-Corruption–Discussion Paper, 2012, p. 11.

[34]      Attorney-General's Department, The Commonwealth's approach to Anti-Corruption–Discussion Paper, 2012, p. 11.

[35]      Attorney-General's Department, The Commonwealth's approach to Anti-Corruption–Discussion Paper, 2012, p. 4.

[36]      Australian Public Service Commission, State of the Service Report 2012–2013, 2013, p. 71.

[37]      Australian Government, Australian Government response to: Parliamentary Joint Committee on Law Enforcement Integrity, Final Report, Inquiry into the operation of the Law Enforcement Integrity Commissioner Act 2006, February 2012, pp. 7–8.

[38]      Rule of Law Institute, Submission 8, p. 2.

[39]      Mr Simon Breheny, Director of Policy, Institute of Public Affairs, Committee Hansard, 21 April 2016, pp. 17, 19.

[40]      Professor AJ Brown, Committee Hansard, 21 April 2016, p. 14.

[41]      The Hon. Anthony Whealy QC, Chairman, Transparency International Australia, Committee Hansard, 21 April 2016, p. 12.

[42]      Mr Quentin Dempster, Committee Hansard, 21 April 2016, p. 28.

[43]      Independent Commission Against Corruption, ICAC Annual Report 2014–2015, 2015, p. 12.

[44]      The Hon. Anthony Whealy QC, Chairman, Transparency International Australia, Committee Hansard, 21 April 2016, p. 16.

[45]      The Hon. T Smith QC, Corruption: the abuse of power in Australia, Australian Collaboration, 2010, p. 22.

[46]      Joint Select Committee on the Australian Commission for Law Enforcement Integrity, Report on the Operation of the Law Enforcement Integrity Commissioner Act 2006, 2011, p. 31.

[47]      Mr Bob Bottom OAM, Submission 13, p. [2].

[48]      Law Council of Australia, Submission to Attorney-General's Department review of Australia's compliance with chapters three and four of the United Nations Convention Against Corruption, 2011, http://www.lawcouncil.asn.au/lawcouncil/images/LCA-PDF/docs-2400-2499/2412%20United%20Nations%20Convention%20against%20Corruption.pdf (accessed: 3 May 2016), p. 3.

[49]      Accountability Round Table, Submission to Parliamentary Joint Committee on ACLEI, 21 January 2011, p. [4].

[50]      Integrity Commission, Annual Report 2014–15, Tasmania, 2015, p. 46.

[51]      Corruption and Crime Commission, Submission to the National anti-corruption plan discussion paper, 2012, p. 5.

[52]      Transparency International Australia and Griffith University, National Integrity Systems Assessment—Final Report, 2005, p. 31. Emphasis in original.

[53]      Commissioner the Hon. Terence RH Cole AO RFD QC, Report of the Inquiry into certain Australian companies in relation to the UN Oil-for-Food Programme, 2006, p. xiv.

[54]      Joint Select Committee on the Australian Commission for Law Enforcement Integrity, Integrity of overseas Commonwealth law enforcement operations, 2013, pp. 9–11.

[55]      Helen Vines, 'Greedy' pair Lukas Kamay, Christopher Hill jailed over $7 million ABS insider trading scam, Australian Broadcasting Company News, 17 March 2015, (http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-03-17/pair-sentenced-over-abs-insider-trading/6324526, accessed: 3 May 2016.

[56]      Joint Select Committee on the Australian Commission for Law Enforcement Integrity, Inquiry into the jurisdiction of the Australian Commission for Law Enforcement Integrity, Accountability Round Table, Submission 11, pp. 4–5.

[57]      Mr Ian McCartney, Acting Deputy Commissioner, Operations, Australian Federal Police, Committee Hansard, 21 April 2016, p. 3.

[58]      The Hon. T Smith QC, Corruption: the abuse of power in Australia, Australian Collaboration, 2010, p. 22.

[59]      Transparency International Australia, Submission to the National anti-corruption plan discussion paper, 2012, p. 9.

[60]      Accountability Round Table, Submission to the International Review of Australia's Implementation of UNCAC, 2012, http://www.accountabilityrt.org/federal-anti-corruption-systems-review-submissions/ (accessed: 3 May 2016), p. 11.

[61]      The Hon. Anthony Whealy QC, Chairman, Transparency International Australia, Committee Hansard, 21 April 2016, p. 9.

[62]      Professor AJ Brown, Committee Hansard, 21 April 2016, p. 10.

[63]      Accountability Round Table, Submission to the National anti-corruption plan discussion paper, pp. 19–20.

[64]      Transparency International Australia, Anti-corruption agencies in Australia, position paper no. 3, January 2016, p.2.

[65]      Parliamentary Joint Committee on the Australian Commission for Law Enforcement Integrity, Inquiry into the jurisdiction of the Australian Commission for Law Enforcement Integrity, Accountability Round Table, Submission 11, p. 2.

[66]      Parliamentary Joint Committee on the Australian Commission for Law Enforcement Integrity, Inquiry into the jurisdiction of the Australian Commission for Law Enforcement Integrity, Accountability Round Table, Submission 11, p. 4.

[67]      Accountability Round Table, Submission to the National anti-corruption plan discussion paper, pp. 20–21.

[68]      Accountability Round Table, Submission to the National anti-corruption plan discussion paper, p. 23.

[69]      Australian Crime Commission, Organised Crime in Australia 2015 Report, Canberra, 2015, p. 29.

[70]      Joint Select Committee on the Australian Commission for Law Enforcement Integrity, Operation of the Law Enforcement Integrity Commissioner Act 2006, Professor Brown, Submission 15, p. [4].

[71]      Law Council of Australia, Submission to Attorney-General's Department review of Australia's compliance with chapters three and four of the United Nations Convention Against Corruption, 2011, http://www.lawcouncil.asn.au/lawcouncil/images/LCA-PDF/docs-2400-2499/2412%20United%20Nations%20Convention%20against%20Corruption.pdf (accessed: 3 May 2016), p. 1.

[72]      Alexandra Smith, 'Turn off: Keneally blocks probe into power sale by closing parliament', The Sydney Morning Herald, 22 December 2010; Imre Salusinszky, 'Keneally can't avoid sell-off probe', The Australian, 23 December 2010, p. 1.

[73]      Parliament of New South Wales General Purpose Standing Committee No. 1, The Gentrader transactions, 23 February 2011, p. ix.

[74]      Transparency International Australia and Griffith University, National Integrity Systems Assessment—Final Report, 2005, pp. 93–101.

[75]      Gabrielle Appleby, 'What's the case for a federal ICAC?', The Drum, 10 September 2014, http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-09-10/appleby-what's-the-case-for-a-federal-icac/5733712 (accessed: 25 February 2016).

[76]      Mr Quentin Dempster, Committee Hansard, 21 April 2016, p. 28.

[77]      Mr Quentin Dempster, Committee Hansard, 21 April 2016, p. 24.

[78]      Stephen Easton, 'Federal ICAC case strong, despite anti-bribery measures', The Mandarin, 27 April 2015, http://www.themandarin.com.au/31553-anti-bribery-measures-beefed-up-but-the-case-for-a-federal-icac-remains/?pgnc=1 (accessed: 25 February 2016).

[79]      Australian Public Service Commission, State of the Service Report 2014–2015, 2015, pp. 46–48.

[80]      Queensland Integrity Commissioner, Submission 2, p. 1.

[81]      The Hon. Anthony Whealy QC, Chairman, Transparency International Australia, Committee Hansard, 21 April 2016, p. 8.

[82]      Gabrielle Appleby, 'What's the case for a federal ICAC?', The Drum, 10 September 2014, http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-09-10/appleby-what's-the-case-for-a-federal-icac/5733712 (accessed: 25 February 2016).

[83]      Australian Public Service Commission, State of the Service Report 2012–2013, 2013, p. 71.

[84]      Mr Simon Breheny, Director of Policy, Institute of Public Affairs, Committee Hansard, 21 April 2016, p. 20.

[85]      Transparency International Australia, A ten-point integrity plan for the Australian Government: Submission by Transparency International Australia on the Proposed National Anti-Corruption Plan, May 2012, pp. 11–13.

[86]      Joint Select Committee on the Australian Commission for Law Enforcement Integrity, Operation of the Law Enforcement Integrity Commissioner Act 2006, Professor Brown, Submission 15, p. [2].

[87]      Professor AJ Brown, Committee Hansard, 21 April 2016, p. 10.

[88]      Queensland Integrity Commissioner, Submission 2, p. 2.

[89]      Australian Public Service Commission, State of the Service Report 2014–2015, 2015, p. 46.

[90]      Gabrielle Appleby, 'What's the case for a federal ICAC?', The Drum, 10 September 2014, http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-09-10/appleby-what's-the-case-for-a-federal-icac/5733712 (accessed: 25 February 2016).

[91]      Transparency International Australia, A ten-point integrity plan for the Australian Government: Submission by Transparency International Australia on the Proposed National Anti-Corruption Plan, May 2012, p. 12.

[92]      The Hon. Mr Greiner, Premier of New South Wales, Legislative Assembly Hansard, 26 May 1988.

[93]      Independent Commission Against Corruption, Community attitudes to corruption and to the ICAC: report on the 2012 survey, July 2013, p. 19.

[94]      Independent Commission Against Corruption, Community attitudes to corruption and to the ICAC: report on the 2012 survey, July 2013, p. 19.

[95]      Integrity Commission, Annual Report 2014–15, Tasmania, 2015, p. 46.

[96]      Michael Atkin, 'Tasmanian senior public servants resistant to change, departing integrity watchdog boss says', Australian Broadcasting Corporation, 7 October 2015, http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-10-07/tasmanian-public-servants-resistant-to-change-says-merryfull/6832330 (accessed: 13 April 2016).

[97]      The Hon. Kevin Duggan AM, QC, Report of a review of the operations of the Independent Commissioner Against Corruption and the Office for Public Integrity for the period 1 July 2014 to 30 June 2015, Adelaide, 2015, p. 21.

[98]      The Hon. Anna Bligh, 'Has nothing—or everything—changed in Queensland?', Crikey, (http://www.crikey.com.au/2009/07/29/anna-bligh-has-nothing-or-everything-changed-in-queensland/, accessed: 11 April 2016).

[99]      Crime and Corruption Commission, Annual Report 2014–15, Western Australia, September 2015, p. 25.

[100]    Transparency International Australia and Griffith University, National Integrity Systems Assessment—Final Report, 2005, pp. 92–93.

[101]    Professor Adam Graycar, Committee Hansard, 21 April 2016, p. 22.

[102]    Joint Select Committee on the Australian Commission for Law Enforcement Integrity, Operation of the Law Enforcement Integrity Commissioner Act 2006, Professor Brown, Submission 15, p. [4].

[103]    Gabrielle Appleby, 'What's the case for a federal ICAC?', The Drum, 10 September 2014, http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-09-10/appleby-what's-the-case-for-a-federal-icac/5733712 (accessed: 25 February 2016).

[104]    Professor Adam Graycar, Submission 1, p. 13.

[105]    Professor Adam Graycar, Committee Hansard, 21 April 2016, p. 17.

[106]    Professor Adam Graycar, Committee Hansard, 21 April 2016, p. 18.

[107]    The Hon. Anthony Whealy QC, Chairman, Transparency International Australia, Committee Hansard, 21 April 2016, p. 9.

[108]    Professor AJ Brown, Committee Hansard, 21 April 2016, p. 14.

[109]    Professor AJ Brown, Committee Hansard, 21 April 2016, p. 14.

[110]    Professor Adam Graycar, Committee Hansard, 21 April 2016, p. 20.

[111]    The Hon. Anthony Whealy QC, Chairman, Transparency International Australia, Committee Hansard, 21 April 2016, p. 13.

[112]    Mr Quentin Dempster, Committee Hansard, 21 April 2016, p. 24.

Additional Comments – Coalition Senators

[1]        Ms Leanne Close, Deputy Secretary, Attorney-General's Department, Committee Hansard, 21 April 2016, p. 1.